Coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated

In 2024, coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated trade exhibited significant decline, with global flows reaching $5,580,560,779 and a three-year compound annual growth rate of +4.0% (five-year: +2.9%). The all-time peak of $8,965,619,481 was recorded in 2022; the current level is 38% below that high-water mark.

Over the 30-year observation window (1995–2024), 59% of years recorded positive growth, indicating a mildly upward trajectory with periodic contractions. Trend momentum is strengthening (+3.1% acceleration).

The World Trade Flows Characterization classifies coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated as "One-way trade" in the low price range price segment, providing additional context for market positioning and competitive dynamics.

The supply side is concentrated (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 0.296). The three largest exporters — Russia ($2.9B), Australia ($906.2M), and China ($656.1M) — collectively dominate supply flows. The leading exporter has grown at -0.5% over the last three years.

On the demand side, importer concentration is diversified (HHI 0.142). The three largest import markets are China ($1.7B), Japan ($688.6M), and South Korea ($626.5M). The largest importing market sources from 16 different supplying countries.

Estimated substitution elasticity: -35.08. Buyers are highly price-sensitive and can switch between suppliers relatively easily.

The dominant trade corridor is Russia → China at $1.7B, representing 97.6% of the importer's total demand.

The volatility score for coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated is 19 out of 100, classified as low. Trade flows are relatively stable compared to other HS6 products, suggesting mature supply chains and predictable demand.

For market entrants, contracting demand signals caution before committing resources. The concentrated supply structure suggests high barriers but also potential opportunity if dominant suppliers face disruption or capacity constraints.

Data confidence is rated "High" based on reporting coverage and consistency across OECD member and partner countries.