Copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes

In 2024, copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes trade exhibited strong growth, with global flows reaching $90,080,075,863 and a three-year compound annual growth rate of +1.4% (five-year: +10.4%). The all-time peak of $90,080,075,863 was recorded in 2024.

Over the 30-year observation window (1995–2024), 48% of years recorded positive growth, indicating significant cyclicality with frequent contractions. Trend momentum is steady (-2.2% acceleration).

The World Trade Flows Characterization classifies copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes as "One-way trade" in the medium price range price segment, providing additional context for market positioning and competitive dynamics.

The supply side is diversified (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 0.109). The three largest exporters — DR Congo ($20.8B), Chile ($17.8B), and Japan ($6.3B) — collectively dominate supply flows. The leading exporter has grown at +21.4% over the last three years.

On the demand side, importer concentration is diversified (HHI 0.137). The three largest import markets are China ($30.3B), United States ($8.3B), and Taiwan ($4.7B). The largest importing market sources from 47 different supplying countries.

Estimated substitution elasticity: -45.58. Buyers are highly price-sensitive and can switch between suppliers relatively easily.

The dominant trade corridor is DR Congo → China at $10.8B, representing 35.8% of the importer's total demand.

The volatility score for copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes is 5 out of 100, classified as low. Trade flows are relatively stable compared to other HS6 products, suggesting mature supply chains and predictable demand.

For market entrants, strong demand tailwinds create a favourable entry environment. The diversified supply landscape means many competitors but also multiple entry points and buyer relationships to target.

Data confidence is rated "High" based on reporting coverage and consistency across OECD member and partner countries.