Ephedra, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered

In 2024, ephedra, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered trade exhibited significant decline, with global flows reaching $9,448,556 and a three-year compound annual growth rate of -6.5% (five-year: -5.7%). The all-time peak of $114,345,941 was recorded in 2004; the current level is 92% below that high-water mark.

Over the 30-year observation window (1995–2024), 55% of years recorded positive growth, indicating a mildly upward trajectory with periodic contractions. Trend momentum is decelerating (-4.7% acceleration).

The supply side is moderately concentrated (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 0.241). The three largest exporters — Indonesia ($10.3M), Peru ($9.2M), and India ($8.2M) — collectively dominate supply flows. The leading exporter has grown at +14.4% over the last three years.

On the demand side, importer concentration is moderately concentrated (HHI 0.205). The three largest import markets are South Korea ($2.8M), United States ($2.3M), and Japan ($2.0M). The largest importing market sources from 4 different supplying countries.

The dominant trade corridor is Turkmenistan → Türkiye at $3.4M, representing 59.1% of the importer's total demand.

The volatility score for ephedra, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered is 7 out of 100, classified as low. Trade flows are relatively stable compared to other HS6 products, suggesting mature supply chains and predictable demand.

For market entrants, contracting demand signals caution before committing resources. A moderately concentrated market rewards differentiated positioning and strategic partner selection.

Data confidence is rated "High" based on reporting coverage and consistency across OECD member and partner countries.