Country export capability

Romania
export capability

A reported view of Romania's export scale, destination network, sector breadth, trade history, and market-access context. Use the indicators together; no single measure describes export readiness on its own.

ROU1995-2024 coverage270 active partner marketsMacro trend resilient
Latest exports$99.5B2024 reported value
Latest imports$130.9B2024 reported value
Trade balance-$31.5BExports minus imports
Export growth-0.6%Latest year-on-year change
Active partners270Latest reported markets

Country export profile overview

Romania export data in one research view

This profile brings together export performance, trade balance, destination markets, HS2 sectors, partner breadth, history, and market-access context for country export research.

Export scale and balance

Start with the latest reported trade position

In 2024, Romania recorded $99.5B in exports and $130.9B in imports. The resulting -$31.5B trade balance gives the latest country-level position a clear context.

Exports changed -0.6% year on year and show a calculated +4.7% three-year CAGR. CAGR is an annualized comparison of reported values, not a forecast.

Markets and sectors

See where export value is concentrated

Germany received $19.4B in reported exports, representing 19.5% of the latest country total. Electrical machinery was the largest displayed HS2 export sector at $18.2B and 18.3% of exports.

The visible page highlights five leading destinations and five leading HS2 sectors, while the complete structured files retain every row supplied for this sample.

History and coverage

Read today's number against the long series

The country series covers 1995 through 2024, with 30 observed annual rows. That longer view helps separate a single-year movement from the broader export trend.

Partner counts, tariff context, concentration, exposure shares, and momentum are supporting indicators calculated from available trade observations. Missing values remain unavailable rather than estimated.

Economy and structure

The context around Romania's export base

Macroeconomic and structural indicators add context to merchandise trade scale. They describe the country environment; they do not predict company performance or future exports.

GDP$382.6B2024 macro context
GDP per capita$20.1KCurrent-dollar GDP
Population19.1MReported population
Labor forceNot reportedReported labor force
Investment rateNot reportedNational investment rate
Savings rateNot reportedNational savings rate
Trade opennessNot reportedExports + imports / GDP
Exports / GDPNot reportedMerchandise exports / GDP
Secondary educationNot reportedEducation context
Tertiary educationNot reportedEducation context

Market signals

Where to look more closely next

Route-level risk and emerging-corridor signals for further research. These are calculated indicators, not forecasts.

Destination risk contextAll covered routes
Destination risk context for Romania
DestinationAttentionAttention shareBelow peakApplied tariffPrimary reason
HungaryHUNWatch41.1%28.9%8.9%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
TurkeyTURWatch25.6%23.9%8.4%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
AlgeriaDZACritical attention67.7%28.5%23.7%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
JordanJORCritical attention94.5%25%19.3%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
Iran (Islamic Republic of)IRNCritical attention91.4%61.6%57%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
PakistanPAKCritical attention97.8%32.5%40.1%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
PolandPOLWatch16.6%20.8%8.4%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
LebanonLBNCritical attention95.2%54.9%8.6%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
ItalyITAWatch21.8%26.8%4.2%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
LibyaLBYCritical attention94.5%56.2%17.2%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure

Full route coverage is retained. High attention means the route deserves closer product and access review.

Market opportunity signals

Product-market combinations worth investigating

All returned rows use buyer demand, exporter position, and calculated addressable-value fields. They are research signals, not forecasts.

Addressable-value signalsAll returned rows
Market opportunity signals for Romania
RankMarket and productBuyer importsAddressable 3-year valueCurrent shareDemand signal
1ChinaHS6 260111 · Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated$111.0B$119.1B0%Declining -2.6%
2USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$165.0B$115.5B0%Accelerating +1.1%
3ChinaHS6 854231 · Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits$158.0B$93.1B0%Accelerating +10.5%
4IndiaHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$130.1B$73.0B0%Declining -0.5%
5ChinaHS6 854232 · Electronic integrated circuits: memories$80.6B$65.7B0%Growing +20.6%
6ChinaHS6 854239 · Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542$81.8B$61.4B0%Growing +4%
7USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsHS6 851712 · Telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks$53.9B$53.8B0%Stable -8.8%
8USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsHS6 847150 · Digital processing units: other than those of subheadings 8471.41 or 8471.49, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units or output units$53.9B$45.6B0%Accelerating +60.2%

Addressable value is a calculated field. Validate product, buyer, tariff, and route conditions before commercial decisions.

Detailed export portfolioHS4 lines beneath the leading sectorsOpen the detailed four-digit export table for Romania.
All HS4 export lines2024 ranking
Top HS4 export lines for Romania
RankHS4Parent HS2 sectorExportsShareActive HS6
18703HS4 detail codeVehicles (87) ↗$9.0B9.1%14
28708HS4 detail codeVehicles (87) ↗$7.9B7.9%14
38544HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$3.7B3.8%8
48537HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$3.5B3.5%2
52710HS4 detail codeMineral fuels (27) ↗$2.8B2.8%5
64011HS4 detail codeRubber (40) ↗$2.4B2.4%8
73004HS4 detail codePharmaceutical products (30) ↗$1.9B1.9%12
81001HS4 detail codeCereals (10) ↗$1.9B1.9%4
99401HS4 detail codeFurniture and lighting (94) ↗$1.6B1.7%13
108516HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$1.6B1.6%14
118517HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$1.4B1.4%7
128536HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$1.4B1.4%10

HS4 values are reported observations. The hierarchy is preserved; no missing descriptions are inferred.

The country export read

Romania combines $99.5B in exports with a broad partner network.

In 2024, Romania recorded $99.5B in reported exports and $130.9B in imports, producing a reported trade deficit of $31.5B. Exports changed -0.6% year on year and +4.7% annualized over three years. Electrical machinery (HS2 85) was the largest displayed export sector by value.

Destination network

Where Romania exports move

All returned destination lanes ranked by latest reported export value. Share is calculated against the country total. Review sources ↗

Latest reported destination lanesAll returned · 2024
Leading export destinations for Romania
RankDestinationLatest exportsShareYear-on-year3-year CAGR
1GermanyDEU$19.4B19.5%-5.9%+3.7%
2ItalyITA$9.3B9.3%-7.1%+3.1%
3FranceFRA$6.5B6.5%+5.8%+7.7%
4HungaryHUN$4.6B4.7%-5.1%+2.3%
5United KingdomGBR$4.3B4.3%+3.6%+20.4%
6TurkeyTUR$3.7B3.7%+7.3%+4.9%
7PolandPOL$3.6B3.6%+7.3%+3.2%
8BulgariaBGR$3.5B3.5%-12.2%-0.2%
9CzechiaCZE$3.3B3.3%+3%+5.7%
10USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA$3.1B3.1%-1.4%+9.7%

Destination values are reported country-to-country observations. Full returned rows remain in the downloads.

Trade history

A long view of export scale

Latest twelve years from the 30-year reported country series. Context, not a forecast.

Reported exports by year

2013
$63.5B
2014
$68.9B
2015
$59.6B
2016
$63.2B
2017
$69.4B
2018
$79.5B
2019
$76.9B
2020
$69.8B
2021
$86.6B
2022
$96.3B
2023
$100.1B
2024
$99.5B

Partner network

Scale is only one part of export capability

Partner breadth, distance, agreements, and tariffs add context to reported exports.

FTA partner markets42Reported count
WTO partner markets169Reported count
EU partner markets28Reported count
Shared-border partners5Country context
Shared-language partners1Country context
Average partner distance6,489 kmCalculated average
Partners with FTA15.6%Calculated share
Applied tariff context0.1%Calculated average
MFN tariff context0.1%Calculated average
Tariff advantage+0.1 ppPreferential vs MFN

Exposure context

Signals to examine alongside export scale

Calculated or classified route and country context. Not predictions or recommendations.

Attention share26.9%

Covered value under attention

Critical share2.2%

Covered value marked critical

Below historical peak22.5%

Distance below route peaks

FTA-covered exports0%

Covered value with FTA context

Weighted tariff context0.1%

Export-weighted tariff

Macro contextMacro trend resilient

Primary attention driver: High trade volatility.

Momentum score1

History-based indicator

Partner concentration664.5

Partner HHI

Product concentration84

Product HHI

Country attention level: Watch. Missing fields remain unavailable.

Complete country valuesOpen the full profile evidenceFull history, sectors, HS4, destinations, risk, opportunities, and source fields.

Profile fields

Year2,024
Country Iso3ROU
Exports Usd$99.5B
Imports Usd$130.9B
Trade Balance Usd-$31.5B
Yoy Exports Growth Pct-0.6%
Yoy Imports Growth Pct1.7%
Exports Cagr 3y Pct4.7%
Imports Cagr 3y Pct5.7%
Export Partner Hhi664.5
Export Product Hhi84
Momentum Score1
Risk Score3.7
Gdp Million Usd382,564.22 million USD
Gdp Per Capita Usd$20.1K
Population19,051,804
Labor ForceNot reported
Investment Rate PctNot reported
Savings Rate PctNot reported
Secondary Education PctNot reported
Tertiary Education PctNot reported
Total Factor ProductivityNot reported
Trade Openness PctNot reported
Exports Gdp PctNot reported
Num Active Partners270
Num Fta Partners42
Num Wto Partners169
Num Eu Partners28
Num Shared Border Partners5
Num Shared Language Partners1
Avg Partner Distance Km6,489 km
Avg Partner Gdp Million Usd533,678,518.33 million USD
Avg Partner Gdp Per Capita Usd$15.8
Avg Buyer Biz Entry DaysNot reported
Avg Buyer Biz Entry Cost PctNot reported
Pct Partners With Fta16
Pct Partners Shared Language0
Pct Partners Shared Border2
Avg Applied Tariff Pct0.1%
Avg Mfn Tariff Pct0.1%
Avg Preferential Tariff Pct0%
Tariff Advantage Pp+0.1 pp
Avg Distance All Partners KmNot reported
Num Border PartnersNot reported
Num Colonial PartnersNot reported
Avg Substitution Elasticity-10.7
Pct Products High Elasticity76
Pct Products Low Elasticity3
Real Market PotentialNot reported
Foreign Market PotentialNot reported

Exposure fields

Country Iso3ROU
All History Lane Count32,911
Current Lane Count25,707
Critical Lane Count64
High Attention Lane Count2,574
High Volatility Lane Count16,931
Unrecovered Drawdown Lane Count10,596
Declining Demand Lane Count148
Concentrated Market Lane Count7,912
Access Friction Lane Count0
Buyer Macro Weakness Lane Count772
Monitored Exports Current Usd$94.9B
Attention Exports Usd$25.5B
Critical Exports Usd$2.1B
High Volatility Exports Usd$58.2B
Unrecovered Drawdown Exports Usd$16.7B
Non Fta Exports Usd$0.0
Monitored Attention Share Pct26.9%
Monitored Critical Share Pct2.2%
Fta Covered Exports Share Pct0%
Export Weighted Volatility Cv1.2
Export Weighted Below Peak Pct22.5%
Export Weighted Distance KmNot reported
Export Weighted Tariff Pct0.1%
Latest Data Year2,024
First Data Year1,995
Country Years Count30
Total Exports Latest Usd$99.5B
Total Imports Latest Usd$130.9B
Trade Balance Latest Usd-$31.5B
Exports Yoy Latest Pct-0.6%
Exports Cagr 3y Latest Pct4.7%
Gdp Latest Million Usd382,564.22 million USD
Gdp Per Capita Latest Usd$20.1K
Population Latest19,051,804
Investment Rate Latest PctNot reported
Savings Rate Latest PctNot reported
Trade Openness Latest PctNot reported
Exports Gdp Latest PctNot reported
Active Partners Latest270
Fta Partners Latest42
Foreign Market Potential LatestNot reported
Gdp 5y Cagr Pct8.9%
Gdp Per Capita 5y Cagr Pct9.2%
Population 5y Cagr Pct-0.3%
Partner Hhi Latest664.5
Partner Top1 Share Latest Pct19.5%
Partner Top3 Share Latest Pct35.3%
Partner Hhi All Avg794.1
Partner Hhi All Max1,049.8
Product Hhi Latest84
Product Top1 Share Latest Pct4.4%
Product Top3 Share Latest Pct10.3%
Product Hhi All Avg80.4
Product Hhi All Max94.4
Total Exports Attention Share Pct25.7%
Total Exports Critical Share Pct2.1%
Attention LevelWatch
Primary Risk DriverHigh trade volatility
Macro Resilience LabelMacro trend resilient

Annual country history

YearExportsImportsTrade balanceExports YoYExports CAGR 3Y
1995$7.5B$9.3B-$1.8BNot reportedNot reported
1996$7.8B$10.6B-$2.8B+3.5%Not reported
1997$8.2B$10.1B-$1.9B+5.5%Not reported
1998$8.3B$11.2B-$2.8B+1.8%+3.6%
1999$8.7B$9.8B-$1.1B+4.9%+4.1%
2000$10.5B$12.5B-$2.0B+20.1%+8.7%
2001$11.9B$15.0B-$3.1B+13.1%+12.5%
2002$14.5B$17.0B-$2.5B+22.3%+18.4%
2003$18.3B$22.9B-$4.6B+25.9%+20.3%
2004$24.0B$31.2B-$7.3B+31%+26.3%
2005$27.7B$38.4B-$10.7B+15.6%+24%
2006$32.7B$53.2B-$20.6B+18%+21.3%
2007$38.0B$65.0B-$27.0B+16.3%+16.6%
2008$46.6B$78.5B-$31.9B+22.6%+19%
2009$38.8B$51.9B-$13.1B-16.7%+5.9%
2010$47.9B$59.5B-$11.6B+23.4%+8%
2011$60.8B$74.1B-$13.2B+27.1%+9.3%
2012$56.4B$68.2B-$11.8B-7.3%+13.3%
2013$63.5B$71.0B-$7.5B+12.5%+9.9%
2014$68.9B$75.5B-$6.5B+8.6%+4.2%
2015$59.6B$67.6B-$8.1B-13.6%+1.8%
2016$63.2B$71.6B-$8.4B+6.1%-0.1%
2017$69.4B$81.5B-$12.0B+9.9%+0.2%
2018$79.5B$93.9B-$14.4B+14.5%+10.1%
2019$76.9B$92.7B-$15.7B-3.2%+6.8%
2020$69.8B$88.7B-$18.8B-9.2%+0.2%
2021$86.6B$110.9B-$24.3B+24%+2.9%
2022$96.3B$127.4B-$31.1B+11.2%+7.8%
2023$100.1B$128.8B-$28.7B+3.9%+12.7%
2024$99.5B$130.9B-$31.5B-0.6%+4.7%

Top export sectors

RankHS2SectorExportsShareExport partnersActive HS6
185Electrical machinery$18.2B18.3%169262
287Vehicles$18.2B18.3%16187
384Machinery$10.6B10.7%166514
427Mineral fuels$4.7B4.7%10342
540Rubber$3.4B3.4%15280
610Cereals$3.4B3.4%9326
790Optical and medical instruments$3.1B3.1%154142
894Furniture and lighting$2.9B3%13642
973Articles of iron or steel$2.8B2.9%153124
1039Plastics$2.4B2.4%157129

Detailed HS4 export lines

RankHS4Parent HS2ExportsShareActive HS6
18703Vehicles (87)$9.0B9.1%14
28708Vehicles (87)$7.9B7.9%14
38544Electrical machinery (85)$3.7B3.8%8
48537Electrical machinery (85)$3.5B3.5%2
52710Mineral fuels (27)$2.8B2.8%5
64011Rubber (40)$2.4B2.4%8
73004Pharmaceutical products (30)$1.9B1.9%12
81001Cereals (10)$1.9B1.9%4
99401Furniture and lighting (94)$1.6B1.7%13
108516Electrical machinery (85)$1.6B1.6%14
118517Electrical machinery (85)$1.4B1.4%7
128536Electrical machinery (85)$1.4B1.4%10

Top export destinations

RankDestinationISO3ExportsShareYoYCAGR 3Y
1GermanyDEU$19.4B19.5%-5.9%+3.7%
2ItalyITA$9.3B9.3%-7.1%+3.1%
3FranceFRA$6.5B6.5%+5.8%+7.7%
4HungaryHUN$4.6B4.7%-5.1%+2.3%
5United KingdomGBR$4.3B4.3%+3.6%+20.4%
6TurkeyTUR$3.7B3.7%+7.3%+4.9%
7PolandPOL$3.6B3.6%+7.3%+3.2%
8BulgariaBGR$3.5B3.5%-12.2%-0.2%
9CzechiaCZE$3.3B3.3%+3%+5.7%
10USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA$3.1B3.1%-1.4%+9.7%

Destination risk context

RankDestinationAttentionAttention shareBelow peakApplied tariffPrimary reason
1Hungary (HUN)Watch41.1%28.9%8.9%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
2Turkey (TUR)Watch25.6%23.9%8.4%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
3Algeria (DZA)Critical attention67.7%28.5%23.7%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
4Jordan (JOR)Critical attention94.5%25%19.3%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
5Iran (Islamic Republic of) (IRN)Critical attention91.4%61.6%57%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
6Pakistan (PAK)Critical attention97.8%32.5%40.1%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
7Poland (POL)Watch16.6%20.8%8.4%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
8Lebanon (LBN)Critical attention95.2%54.9%8.6%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
9Italy (ITA)Watch21.8%26.8%4.2%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
10Libya (LBY)Critical attention94.5%56.2%17.2%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure

Emerging corridor signals

RankDestinationHS6SignalMarket importsCurrent shareStrength
1Angola (AGO)841940new$1.0M15.3%100
2Angola (AGO)841950new$19.7M7.9%100
3United Arab Emirates (ARE)710691new$1.1B0.1%100
4Armenia (ARM)850434new$2.0M5.5%100
5Switzerland, Liechtenstein (CHE)283524new$4.3M3.3%100
6Brazil (BRA)390469new$87.2M0.3%100
7Bulgaria (BGR)150120new$725.1K23.7%100
8Canada (CAN)841112new$1.6B0.3%100
9China (CHN)842810new$71.6M0.8%100
10Armenia (ARM)870340new$18.3M1.6%100

Market opportunity signals

RankMarketHS6Buyer importsAddressable 3-year valueCurrent shareSignal
1China (CHN)260111$111.0B$119.1B0%Declining (-2.6%)
2USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)270900$165.0B$115.5B0%Accelerating (+1.1%)
3China (CHN)854231$158.0B$93.1B0%Accelerating (+10.5%)
4India (IND)270900$130.1B$73.0B0%Declining (-0.5%)
5China (CHN)854232$80.6B$65.7B0%Growing (+20.6%)
6China (CHN)854239$81.8B$61.4B0%Growing (+4%)
7USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)851712$53.9B$53.8B0%Stable (-8.8%)
8USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)847150$53.9B$45.6B0%Accelerating (+60.2%)

How to read this page

Separate reported scale from calculated context.

Reported exports, imports, trade balance, sector rows, destination rows, and annual history describe merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year.

CAGR, shares, concentration measures, tariff context, exposure shares, and momentum are calculated indicators built from the available observations. They help organize research but are not additional reported trade or forecasts.

Coverage runs from 1995 through 2024 for this profile. Missing values are shown as Not reported. Read the full methodology ↗

Reported observations

OECD BIMTS merchandise trade values are the primary series for this view.

Calculated indicators

Growth, share, HHI, tariff, and exposure fields are derived from available reported values.

Coverage limits

Unavailable values remain unavailable. No company sales, shipment records, or forecasts are implied.

Questions about this profile

Romania export capability, in context

Short answers for readers comparing country export scale, partner breadth, and calculated trade indicators.

What does the Romania export profile measure?

It combines reported exports, imports, history, destinations, HS2 sectors, partner context, and calculated indicators for Romania.

What is the latest reported export value for Romania?

Romania recorded $99.5B in reported exports in 2024.

Which markets receive the most exports from Romania?

Germany leads by reported export value at $19.4B in 2024. Five destination lanes are highlighted.

Which sectors lead Romania's exports?

Electrical machinery leads by reported value at $18.2B. Five HS2 chapters are highlighted.

How many years of Romania trade history are available?

This sample contains 30 observed annual rows covering 1995 through 2024. Missing observations are not estimated.

Are the growth and exposure values forecasts?

No. They are calculated or classified from reported observations, not forecasts or market-access guarantees.

Continue your research

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Compare countries, products, sectors, and routes using the available trade evidence and definitions.

Data source

OECD trade statistics with CEPII context

OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.