Country export capability

Thailand
export capability

A reported view of Thailand's export scale, destination network, sector breadth, trade history, and market-access context. Use the indicators together; no single measure describes export readiness on its own.

THA1995-2024 coverage270 active partner marketsEconomy and income contracted
Latest exports$316.5B2024 reported value
Latest imports$294.6B2024 reported value
Trade balance$21.9BExports minus imports
Export growth+5.7%Latest year-on-year change
Active partners270Latest reported markets

Country export profile overview

Thailand export data in one research view

This profile brings together export performance, trade balance, destination markets, HS2 sectors, partner breadth, history, and market-access context for country export research.

Export scale and balance

Start with the latest reported trade position

In 2024, Thailand recorded $316.5B in exports and $294.6B in imports. The resulting $21.9B trade balance gives the latest country-level position a clear context.

Exports changed +5.7% year on year and show a calculated +3.5% three-year CAGR. CAGR is an annualized comparison of reported values, not a forecast.

Markets and sectors

See where export value is concentrated

USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands received $57.0B in reported exports, representing 18% of the latest country total. Electrical machinery was the largest displayed HS2 export sector at $61.4B and 19.4% of exports.

The visible page highlights five leading destinations and five leading HS2 sectors, while the complete structured files retain every row supplied for this sample.

History and coverage

Read today's number against the long series

The country series covers 1995 through 2024, with 30 observed annual rows. That longer view helps separate a single-year movement from the broader export trend.

Partner counts, tariff context, concentration, exposure shares, and momentum are supporting indicators calculated from available trade observations. Missing values remain unavailable rather than estimated.

Economy and structure

The context around Thailand's export base

Macroeconomic and structural indicators add context to merchandise trade scale. They describe the country environment; they do not predict company performance or future exports.

GDP$526.5B2024 macro context
GDP per capita$7.3KCurrent-dollar GDP
Population71.7MReported population
Labor force39KReported labor force
Investment rate25.5%National investment rate
Savings rate30.7%National savings rate
Trade openness107.7%Exports + imports / GDP
Exports / GDP55.8%Merchandise exports / GDP
Secondary education64.7%Education context
Tertiary education16.5%Education context

Market signals

Where to look more closely next

Route-level risk and emerging-corridor signals for further research. These are calculated indicators, not forecasts.

Destination risk contextAll covered routes
Destination risk context for Thailand
DestinationAttentionAttention shareBelow peakApplied tariffPrimary reason
JapanJPNCritical attention73.8%29.1%1.8%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHECritical attention86.2%53.7%1.7%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSAHigh attention78.6%15.5%2.4%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
ChinaCHNHigh attention51.9%27.9%28.2%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
MalaysiaMYSCritical attention46.3%28.6%9%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
IndonesiaIDNCritical attention59.7%31.7%15.7%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
SingaporeSGPWatch44.6%39.4%0.4%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
Viet NamVNMHigh attention55.3%21.5%15.2%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
PhilippinesPHLHigh attention70.4%22.2%19.1%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
LaosLAOCritical attention99.6%15.1%9.7%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure

Full route coverage is retained. High attention means the route deserves closer product and access review.

Market opportunity signals

Product-market combinations worth investigating

All returned rows use buyer demand, exporter position, and calculated addressable-value fields. They are research signals, not forecasts.

Addressable-value signalsAll returned rows
Market opportunity signals for Thailand
RankMarket and productBuyer importsAddressable 3-year valueCurrent shareDemand signal
1ChinaHS6 260111 · Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated$111.0B$119.1B0%Growing -2.6%
2USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$165.0B$115.5B0%Declining +1.1%
3ChinaHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$291.6B$98.4B0.1%Accelerating -6.7%
4ChinaHS6 854231 · Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits$158.0B$91.5B0.6%Growing +10.5%
5IndiaHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$130.1B$73.0B0%Declining -0.5%
6ChinaHS6 854232 · Electronic integrated circuits: memories$80.6B$65.3B0.2%Growing +20.6%
7ChinaHS6 710812 · Metals: gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder)$80.8B$64.9B0%Growing +2.4%
8ChinaHS6 120190 · Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken$47.8B$62.4B0%Stable -13.5%

Addressable value is a calculated field. Validate product, buyer, tariff, and route conditions before commercial decisions.

Detailed export portfolioHS4 lines beneath the leading sectorsOpen the detailed four-digit export table for Thailand.
All HS4 export lines2024 ranking
Top HS4 export lines for Thailand
RankHS4Parent HS2 sectorExportsShareActive HS6
18471HS4 detail codeMachinery (84) ↗$19.5B6.2%8
28517HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$14.5B4.6%7
38542HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$12.6B4%5
48703HS4 detail codeVehicles (87) ↗$12.0B3.8%14
58704HS4 detail codeVehicles (87) ↗$10.9B3.4%7
68708HS4 detail codeVehicles (87) ↗$8.7B2.7%14
77108HS4 detail codePrecious stones and metals (71) ↗$7.9B2.5%3
82710HS4 detail codeMineral fuels (27) ↗$7.5B2.4%5
94011HS4 detail codeRubber (40) ↗$7.5B2.4%8
108415HS4 detail codeMachinery (84) ↗$7.2B2.3%6
111006HS4 detail codeCereals (10) ↗$6.3B2%4
128541HS4 detail codeElectrical machinery (85) ↗$5.1B1.6%7

HS4 values are reported observations. The hierarchy is preserved; no missing descriptions are inferred.

The country export read

Thailand combines $316.5B in exports with a broad partner network.

In 2024, Thailand recorded $316.5B in reported exports and $294.6B in imports, producing a reported trade surplus of $21.9B. Exports changed +5.7% year on year and +3.5% annualized over three years. Electrical machinery (HS2 85) was the largest displayed export sector by value.

Destination network

Where Thailand exports move

All returned destination lanes ranked by latest reported export value. Share is calculated against the country total. Review sources ↗

Latest reported destination lanesAll returned · 2024
Leading export destinations for Thailand
RankDestinationLatest exportsShareYear-on-year3-year CAGR
1USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA$57.0B18%+12.8%+9.6%
2ChinaCHN$41.7B13.2%-1.9%-5.9%
3JapanJPN$23.3B7.4%-1.4%-2.4%
4Viet NamVNM$12.9B4.1%+14.6%+1.4%
5AustraliaAUS$12.8B4.1%+2.9%+5.1%
6MalaysiaMYS$11.9B3.8%+3.9%+3.2%
7IndiaIND$11.5B3.6%+14.1%+11.2%
8SingaporeSGP$10.9B3.5%-3.4%+5.4%
9IndonesiaIDN$9.2B2.9%-5.1%+1.5%
10MexicoMEX$8.3B2.6%+21.6%+16.2%

Destination values are reported country-to-country observations. Full returned rows remain in the downloads.

Trade history

A long view of export scale

Latest twelve years from the 30-year reported country series. Context, not a forecast.

Reported exports by year

2013
$227.0B
2014
$228.6B
2015
$218.3B
2016
$221.1B
2017
$241.7B
2018
$257.2B
2019
$251.5B
2020
$239.5B
2021
$285.4B
2022
$310.5B
2023
$299.3B
2024
$316.5B

Partner network

Scale is only one part of export capability

Partner breadth, distance, agreements, and tariffs add context to reported exports.

FTA partner markets19Reported count
WTO partner markets169Reported count
EU partner markets28Reported count
Shared-border partners5Country context
Shared-language partners0Country context
Average partner distance9,266 kmCalculated average
Partners with FTA7%Calculated share
Applied tariff context0.1%Calculated average
MFN tariff context0.1%Calculated average
Tariff advantage+0.1 ppPreferential vs MFN

Exposure context

Signals to examine alongside export scale

Calculated or classified route and country context. Not predictions or recommendations.

Attention share63.8%

Covered value under attention

Critical share6.8%

Covered value marked critical

Below historical peak23.5%

Distance below route peaks

FTA-covered exports54.1%

Covered value with FTA context

Weighted tariff context0.1%

Export-weighted tariff

Macro contextEconomy and income contracted

Primary attention driver: High trade volatility.

Momentum score5.1

History-based indicator

Partner concentration686.6

Partner HHI

Product concentration86.9

Product HHI

Country attention level: Watch. Missing fields remain unavailable.

Complete country valuesOpen the full profile evidenceFull history, sectors, HS4, destinations, risk, opportunities, and source fields.

Profile fields

Year2,024
Country Iso3THA
Exports Usd$316.5B
Imports Usd$294.6B
Trade Balance Usd$21.9B
Yoy Exports Growth Pct5.7%
Yoy Imports Growth Pct4.6%
Exports Cagr 3y Pct3.5%
Imports Cagr 3y Pct4.3%
Export Partner Hhi686.6
Export Product Hhi86.9
Momentum Score5.1
Risk Score3.9
Gdp Million Usd526,517.66 million USD
Gdp Per Capita Usd$7.3K
Population71,668,011
Labor Force39,001.3
Investment Rate Pct25.5%
Savings Rate Pct30.7%
Secondary Education Pct64.7%
Tertiary Education Pct16.5%
Total Factor Productivity624.3
Trade Openness Pct107.7%
Exports Gdp Pct55.8%
Num Active Partners270
Num Fta Partners19
Num Wto Partners169
Num Eu Partners28
Num Shared Border Partners5
Num Shared Language Partners0
Avg Partner Distance Km9,266 km
Avg Partner Gdp Million Usd533,678,518.33 million USD
Avg Partner Gdp Per Capita Usd$15.8
Avg Buyer Biz Entry DaysNot reported
Avg Buyer Biz Entry Cost PctNot reported
Pct Partners With Fta7
Pct Partners Shared Language0
Pct Partners Shared Border2
Avg Applied Tariff Pct0.1%
Avg Mfn Tariff Pct0.1%
Avg Preferential Tariff Pct0%
Tariff Advantage Pp+0.1 pp
Avg Distance All Partners Km9,441
Num Border Partners100
Num Colonial Partners0
Avg Substitution Elasticity-10.7
Pct Products High Elasticity76
Pct Products Low Elasticity3
Real Market Potential202,663.3
Foreign Market Potential8,699.2

Exposure fields

Country Iso3THA
All History Lane Count44,829
Current Lane Count37,782
Critical Lane Count452
High Attention Lane Count9,447
High Volatility Lane Count21,633
Unrecovered Drawdown Lane Count18,861
Declining Demand Lane Count251
Concentrated Market Lane Count18,916
Access Friction Lane Count15,778
Buyer Macro Weakness Lane Count3,477
Monitored Exports Current Usd$305.4B
Attention Exports Usd$194.9B
Critical Exports Usd$20.8B
High Volatility Exports Usd$151.8B
Unrecovered Drawdown Exports Usd$58.3B
Non Fta Exports Usd$139.8B
Monitored Attention Share Pct63.8%
Monitored Critical Share Pct6.8%
Fta Covered Exports Share Pct54.1%
Export Weighted Volatility Cv1.1
Export Weighted Below Peak Pct23.5%
Export Weighted Distance Km6,760 km
Export Weighted Tariff Pct0.1%
Latest Data Year2,024
First Data Year1,995
Country Years Count30
Total Exports Latest Usd$316.5B
Total Imports Latest Usd$294.6B
Trade Balance Latest Usd$21.9B
Exports Yoy Latest Pct5.7%
Exports Cagr 3y Latest Pct3.5%
Gdp Latest Million Usd526,517.66 million USD
Gdp Per Capita Latest Usd$7.3K
Population Latest71,668,011
Investment Rate Latest Pct25.5%
Savings Rate Latest Pct30.7%
Trade Openness Latest Pct107.7%
Exports Gdp Latest Pct55.8%
Active Partners Latest270
Fta Partners Latest19
Foreign Market Potential Latest8,699.2
Gdp 5y Cagr Pct-0.7%
Gdp Per Capita 5y Cagr Pct-0.7%
Population 5y Cagr Pct0%
Partner Hhi Latest686.6
Partner Top1 Share Latest Pct18%
Partner Top3 Share Latest Pct38.5%
Partner Hhi All Avg697.7
Partner Hhi All Max974.3
Product Hhi Latest86.9
Product Top1 Share Latest Pct4.1%
Product Top3 Share Latest Pct10.4%
Product Hhi All Avg104.1
Product Hhi All Max150.8
Total Exports Attention Share Pct61.6%
Total Exports Critical Share Pct6.6%
Attention LevelWatch
Primary Risk DriverHigh trade volatility
Macro Resilience LabelEconomy and income contracted

Annual country history

YearExportsImportsTrade balanceExports YoYExports CAGR 3Y
1995$54.6B$66.1B-$11.5BNot reportedNot reported
1996$56.3B$67.6B-$11.2B+3.2%Not reported
1997$58.5B$59.1B-$620.0M+3.8%Not reported
1998$54.9B$40.2B$14.7B-6.1%+0.2%
1999$60.8B$47.1B$13.7B+10.7%+2.6%
2000$72.1B$59.3B$12.8B+18.5%+7.2%
2001$68.1B$58.3B$9.8B-5.4%+7.4%
2002$70.9B$61.8B$9.1B+4.1%+5.3%
2003$82.6B$73.1B$9.5B+16.5%+4.7%
2004$100.3B$92.2B$8.1B+21.4%+13.7%
2005$115.1B$112.4B$2.6B+14.7%+17.5%
2006$135.3B$122.5B$12.9B+17.6%+17.9%
2007$157.0B$133.8B$23.2B+16%+16.1%
2008$182.9B$167.9B$15.0B+16.5%+16.7%
2009$157.6B$128.9B$28.7B-13.8%+5.2%
2010$199.4B$174.1B$25.3B+26.5%+8.3%
2011$230.3B$215.5B$14.8B+15.5%+8%
2012$228.5B$238.4B-$9.9B-0.8%+13.2%
2013$227.0B$247.5B-$20.6B-0.6%+4.4%
2014$228.6B$220.4B$8.2B+0.7%-0.3%
2015$218.3B$199.3B$19.0B-4.5%-1.5%
2016$221.1B$190.2B$30.8B+1.2%-0.9%
2017$241.7B$213.7B$27.9B+9.3%+1.9%
2018$257.2B$238.6B$18.6B+6.4%+5.6%
2019$251.5B$224.2B$27.3B-2.2%+4.4%
2020$239.5B$198.5B$41.0B-4.8%-0.3%
2021$285.4B$259.3B$26.1B+19.2%+3.5%
2022$310.5B$293.8B$16.8B+8.8%+7.3%
2023$299.3B$281.7B$17.6B-3.6%+7.7%
2024$316.5B$294.6B$21.9B+5.7%+3.5%

Top export sectors

RankHS2SectorExportsShareExport partnersActive HS6
185Electrical machinery$61.4B19.4%193262
284Machinery$53.5B16.9%196515
387Vehicles$35.8B11.3%19587
440Rubber$19.3B6.1%19380
571Precious stones and metals$16.8B5.3%16351
639Plastics$13.2B4.2%193129
727Mineral fuels$9.7B3%14443
890Optical and medical instruments$7.4B2.3%187142
916Prepared meat and fish$6.9B2.2%17442
1008Edible fruit and nuts$6.7B2.1%14968

Detailed HS4 export lines

RankHS4Parent HS2ExportsShareActive HS6
18471Machinery (84)$19.5B6.2%8
28517Electrical machinery (85)$14.5B4.6%7
38542Electrical machinery (85)$12.6B4%5
48703Vehicles (87)$12.0B3.8%14
58704Vehicles (87)$10.9B3.4%7
68708Vehicles (87)$8.7B2.7%14
77108Precious stones and metals (71)$7.9B2.5%3
82710Mineral fuels (27)$7.5B2.4%5
94011Rubber (40)$7.5B2.4%8
108415Machinery (84)$7.2B2.3%6
111006Cereals (10)$6.3B2%4
128541Electrical machinery (85)$5.1B1.6%7

Top export destinations

RankDestinationISO3ExportsShareYoYCAGR 3Y
1USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA$57.0B18%+12.8%+9.6%
2ChinaCHN$41.7B13.2%-1.9%-5.9%
3JapanJPN$23.3B7.4%-1.4%-2.4%
4Viet NamVNM$12.9B4.1%+14.6%+1.4%
5AustraliaAUS$12.8B4.1%+2.9%+5.1%
6MalaysiaMYS$11.9B3.8%+3.9%+3.2%
7IndiaIND$11.5B3.6%+14.1%+11.2%
8SingaporeSGP$10.9B3.5%-3.4%+5.4%
9IndonesiaIDN$9.2B2.9%-5.1%+1.5%
10MexicoMEX$8.3B2.6%+21.6%+16.2%

Destination risk context

RankDestinationAttentionAttention shareBelow peakApplied tariffPrimary reason
1Japan (JPN)Critical attention73.8%29.1%1.8%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
2Switzerland, Liechtenstein (CHE)Critical attention86.2%53.7%1.7%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
3USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)High attention78.6%15.5%2.4%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
4China (CHN)High attention51.9%27.9%28.2%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
5Malaysia (MYS)Critical attention46.3%28.6%9%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
6Indonesia (IDN)Critical attention59.7%31.7%15.7%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
7Singapore (SGP)Watch44.6%39.4%0.4%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
8Viet Nam (VNM)High attention55.3%21.5%15.2%Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure
9Philippines (PHL)High attention70.4%22.2%19.1%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
10Laos (LAO)Critical attention99.6%15.1%9.7%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure

Emerging corridor signals

RankDestinationHS6SignalMarket importsCurrent shareStrength
1Angola (AGO)841199new$62.9M1.2%100
2Angola (AGO)847810new$1.2M18.2%100
3Armenia (ARM)903090new$4.4M2.7%100
4Djibouti (DJI)630420new$598.6K92.9%100
5Belgium (BEL)741012new$503.7K22.7%100
6Costa Rica (CRI)870120new$18.6M0.7%100
7Côte d\'Ivoire (CIV)760692new$760.9K20.9%100
8Côte d\'Ivoire (CIV)760691new$2.3M9.8%100
9Switzerland, Liechtenstein (CHE)841122new$19.2M1.7%100
10Colombia (COL)843050new$4.4M2.8%100

Market opportunity signals

RankMarketHS6Buyer importsAddressable 3-year valueCurrent shareSignal
1China (CHN)260111$111.0B$119.1B0%Growing (-2.6%)
2USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)270900$165.0B$115.5B0%Declining (+1.1%)
3China (CHN)270900$291.6B$98.4B0.1%Accelerating (-6.7%)
4China (CHN)854231$158.0B$91.5B0.6%Growing (+10.5%)
5India (IND)270900$130.1B$73.0B0%Declining (-0.5%)
6China (CHN)854232$80.6B$65.3B0.2%Growing (+20.6%)
7China (CHN)710812$80.8B$64.9B0%Growing (+2.4%)
8China (CHN)120190$47.8B$62.4B0%Stable (-13.5%)

How to read this page

Separate reported scale from calculated context.

Reported exports, imports, trade balance, sector rows, destination rows, and annual history describe merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year.

CAGR, shares, concentration measures, tariff context, exposure shares, and momentum are calculated indicators built from the available observations. They help organize research but are not additional reported trade or forecasts.

Coverage runs from 1995 through 2024 for this profile. Missing values are shown as Not reported. Read the full methodology ↗

Reported observations

OECD BIMTS merchandise trade values are the primary series for this view.

Calculated indicators

Growth, share, HHI, tariff, and exposure fields are derived from available reported values.

Coverage limits

Unavailable values remain unavailable. No company sales, shipment records, or forecasts are implied.

Questions about this profile

Thailand export capability, in context

Short answers for readers comparing country export scale, partner breadth, and calculated trade indicators.

What does the Thailand export profile measure?

It combines reported exports, imports, history, destinations, HS2 sectors, partner context, and calculated indicators for Thailand.

What is the latest reported export value for Thailand?

Thailand recorded $316.5B in reported exports in 2024.

Which markets receive the most exports from Thailand?

USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads by reported export value at $57.0B in 2024. Five destination lanes are highlighted.

Which sectors lead Thailand's exports?

Electrical machinery leads by reported value at $61.4B. Five HS2 chapters are highlighted.

How many years of Thailand trade history are available?

This sample contains 30 observed annual rows covering 1995 through 2024. Missing observations are not estimated.

Are the growth and exposure values forecasts?

No. They are calculated or classified from reported observations, not forecasts or market-access guarantees.

Continue your research

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Compare countries, products, sectors, and routes using the available trade evidence and definitions.

Data source

OECD trade statistics with CEPII context

OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.