Latest HS4 trade
$1.3BReported valueHS4 subsector corridor intelligence
Machinery
top trade corridors
HS4 8478 - leading exporter-to-importer routes
Explore reported routes for this HS4 subsector, ranked by latest trade value and paired with growth, market share, access, tariff, and distance context.
The route picture at a glanceHS4 8478 - reported trade
Corridors shown
25Leading routes by valueLeading route value
$68.1MLatest reported valueLeading route growth
+43.2%Calculated 3-year changeLatest reported year
20241995-2024 coverageThe HS4 corridor read
Hungary to Germany leads the reported HS4 8478 routes.
The leading route recorded $68.1M in 2024, with +43.2% calculated three-year growth. Across the HS4 subsector, latest reported trade was $1.3B, with +4.5% calculated three-year growth. Read the HS4 overview ↗
Leading route$68.1M5.4% of latest HS4 trade
Top HS4 corridors
Where Machinery trade moves
Observed exporter-to-importer relationships ranked by latest reported trade value. Growth, peak comparisons, and shares are calculated indicators; access fields provide context where available. Review data sources ↗
HS4 8478 exporter-to-importer relationshipsTop 25 by value
Scroll horizontally to compare all route fields.
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Latest trade | 3-year CAGR | 5-year CAGR | 10-year CAGR | Market share | FTA / access | Applied tariff | MFN tariff | Preferential tariff | Tariff advantage | Distance | Historical peak | Latest below peak | Years | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HungaryHUN | GermanyDEU | $68.1M | +43.2% | -1.7% | -3.5% | 5.4% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 689 km | $153.7M2011 | 55.7% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 2 | ItalyITA | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $38.2M | +7.6% | +12.3% | +30.5% | 3.1% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,907 km | $38.2M2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 3 | ItalyITA | RomaniaROU | $34.9M | +19.9% | +70.2% | +23.8% | 2.8% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 1,142 km | $44.2M2017 | 21% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 4 | ItalyITA | United Arab EmiratesARE | $29.1M | -0.6% | +13.7% | +3.2% | 2.3% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 4,326 km | $29.6M2021 | 1.9% | 29 | Stable |
| 5 | GermanyDEU | PolandPOL | $27.4M | +9.7% | +0.1% | +6.7% | 2.2% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 518 km | $59.3M2018 | 53.8% | 30 | Growing |
| 6 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | Dominican RepublicDOM | $21.5M | -1.5% | -5.6% | +7.4% | 1.7% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 2,495 km | $40.2M2018 | 46.7% | 30 | Stable |
| 7 | ItalyITA | GreeceGRC | $20.6M | +3% | +24.2% | +28.7% | 1.6% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,057 km | $78.8M2018 | 73.9% | 30 | Stable |
| 8 | IndonesiaIDN | SingaporeSGP | $20.5M | +22.1% | +24.8% | +23.8% | 1.6% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 894 km | $20.5M2024 | 0% | 28 | Rapid growth |
| 9 | ItalyITA | PolandPOL | $20.1M | +14.7% | -1.5% | +10.4% | 1.6% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,317 km | $37.8M2023 | 46.8% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 10 | SingaporeSGP | IndonesiaIDN | $19.9M | +19.2% | +7.7% | +5.2% | 1.6% | FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 894 km | $21.3M2023 | 6.6% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 11 | FranceFRA | United Arab EmiratesARE | $19.8M | +470.3% | +203.2% | +15.9% | 1.6% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,251 km | $19.8M2024 | 0% | 27 | Rapid growth |
| 12 | GermanyDEU | ChinaCHN | $17.3M | -5.8% | -13.3% | -16.1% | 1.4% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 8,415 km | $227.9M1995 | 92.4% | 30 | Declining |
| 13 | ItalyITA | Republic of KoreaKOR | $16.8M | +31.2% | +70.1% | +29.9% | 1.3% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 8,989 km | $68.5M2018 | 75.5% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 14 | GermanyDEU | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $16.5M | +7.2% | -3.6% | +0.7% | 1.3% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,402 km | $111.9M1997 | 85.3% | 30 | Growing |
| 15 | GermanyDEU | IndonesiaIDN | $16.2M | +16% | -5.9% | -20.1% | 1.3% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 10,785 km | $152.1M2014 | 89.4% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 16 | GermanyDEU | RomaniaROU | $15.7M | +39.3% | +13.3% | +3.3% | 1.3% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 1,297 km | $24.9M2017 | 36.8% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 17 | GermanyDEU | TurkeyTUR | $15.5M | +5.5% | +3.3% | +10.2% | 1.2% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 1,738 km | $37.5M1998 | 58.6% | 30 | Growing |
| 18 | ItalyITA | Saudi ArabiaSAU | $14.3M | +166.7% | +114.5% | +83.6% | 1.1% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 3,679 km | $14.3M2024 | 0% | 26 | Rapid growth |
| 19 | ItalyITA | BelgiumBEL | $13.5M | +110.4% | +21.2% | +35.2% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,174 km | $22.2M2018 | 39.4% | 26 | Rapid growth |
| 20 | GermanyDEU | Republic of KoreaKOR | $13.3M | +27.3% | -18.3% | -0.8% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 8,147 km | $50.4M2007 | 73.6% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 21 | GermanyDEU | PhilippinesPHL | $12.9M | +28.6% | +7.7% | +1.8% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 9,877 km | $17.5M2002 | 25.9% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 22 | United KingdomGBR | Republic of KoreaKOR | $12.7M | +170.9% | +12.5% | +49.1% | 1% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 8,880 km | $25.6M2002 | 50.2% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 23 | Republic of KoreaKOR | KazakhstanKAZ | $12.7M | +24,661.8% | +2,630.7% | +422.6% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | +0 pp | 4,232 km | $12.7M2024 | 0% | 3 | Rapid growth |
| 24 | ItalyITA | IndonesiaIDN | $11.9M | +20.8% | -7% | -12.3% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 10,830 km | $102.6M2013 | 88.4% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 25 | ItalyITA | SwedenSWE | $10.7M | +116.2% | +1.2% | +38.3% | 0.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,978 km | $11.3M2020 | 5.6% | 27 | Rapid growth |
Movement to watch
Growth leaders for HS4 8478
The strongest available three-year growth rates are starting points for research, not forecasts. Compare the calculated rate with each route's reported value, share, and trend. Read the methodology ↗
01Growth leader
Republic of Korea to Kazakhstan
+24,661.8%calculated 3-year CAGR$12.7M latest value1% market shareRapid growth
02Growth leader
France to United Arab Emirates
+470.3%calculated 3-year CAGR$19.8M latest value1.6% market shareRapid growth
03Growth leader
United Kingdom to Republic of Korea
+170.9%calculated 3-year CAGR$12.7M latest value1% market shareRapid growth
04Growth leader
Italy to Saudi Arabia
+166.7%calculated 3-year CAGR$14.3M latest value1.1% market shareRapid growth
05Growth leader
Italy to Sweden
+116.2%calculated 3-year CAGR$10.7M latest value0.9% market shareRapid growth
Access and tariff context
Compare route access without over-reading one indicator
FTA status, applied tariffs, tariff advantage, and distance are supporting route context. Group averages are calculated from displayed routes and are not tariff recommendations. Check data coverage ↗
15 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +42.1%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.1%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0.1 pp
10 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +2,537.2%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.1%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0 pp
Lowest reported applied tariffFTA reported
Italy to Greece
0%Routes with an available applied tariff. Latest route value: $20.6M.
Applied 0%Advantage +0 pp1,057 km
Largest reported tariff advantageFTA reported
Singapore to Indonesia
+0.1 ppRoutes with an available tariff advantage. Latest route value: $19.9M.
Applied 0.2%Advantage +0.1 pp894 km
HS4 indicators
Scale, momentum, and structure in one view
These cards pair reported trade observations with calculated indicators from the available HS4 history. See indicator definitions ↗
Combined reported value across the 25 routes shown.
Calculated annualized change in reported HS4 trade.
Calculated concentration indicators; higher values mean a more concentrated mix.
Calculated variation in annual reported HS4 trade.
Historical peak: $1.7B in 2018. Latest below peak: 27.9%.
30 observed years; 2,943 active corridors, 145 exporters, 176 importers, and 2 HS6 products.
How to read this view
Keep reported scale separate from calculated movement.
Latest trade values describe reported merchandise trade for HS4 8478. Growth, market share, HHI, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated indicators over the stated coverage period.
FTA status, tariffs, and distance add route context where available. A missing value stays unavailable; it is not treated as zero or a forecast.
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.