Latest trade
$63.6BGlobal subsector valueHS4 subsector intelligence
Machines
HS4 9031 trade overview
A focused view of this HS4 subsector: market scale, momentum, leading routes, countries, and the HS6 classifications inside it.
The numbers at a glanceLatest reported year · 2024
Annual change
+4.3%Latest year on yearExporters
197Active reporting countriesImporters
200Active reporting countriesHS6 products
6Classifications inside HS4The subsector read
$63.6B in trade, with +3.2% annualized growth over three years.
Machines is recorded across 11,291 active corridors, with 197 exporters and 200 importers.
Annual trend
Subsector momentum over time
Reported global trade from 1995 to 2024. Read the methodology ↗
Top trade corridors
Where the subsector moves
Leading exporter-to-importer relationships by latest reported value. See data sources ↗
Latest reported relationshipsTop 10 by trade value
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 | Distance | FTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | ChinaCHN | $2.3B | +23.2% | 6 | 11,883 km | No |
| 2 | JapanJPN | ChinaCHN | $1.9B | -5.1% | 6 | 1,763 km | No |
| 3 | GermanyDEU | ChinaCHN | $1.8B | -2.7% | 6 | 8,415 km | No |
| 4 | SingaporeSGP | ChinaCHN | $1.4B | +18.5% | 6 | 3,797 km | Yes |
| 5 | GermanyDEU | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $1.3B | +7.2% | 6 | 6,402 km | No |
| 6 | Republic of KoreaKOR | ChinaCHN | $1.3B | +8.3% | 6 | 867 km | Yes |
| 7 | JapanJPN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $1.1B | +8.9% | 6 | 10,872 km | No |
| 8 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | TaiwanTWN | $996.8M | +1.5% | 6 | 12,555 km | No |
| 9 | TaiwanTWN | ChinaCHN | $914.5M | -6.8% | 6 | 688 km | No |
| 10 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | MexicoMEX | $906.5M | +14% | 6 | 3,359 km | Yes |
Market structure
Where supply and demand concentrate
Exporter and importer rankings show the two sides of the subsector separately. Check coverage ↗
| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GermanyDEU | $9.4B | 186 | 6 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $9.2B | 185 | 6 |
| 3 | ChinaCHN | $7.2B | 198 | 6 |
| 4 | JapanJPN | $6.3B | 171 | 6 |
| 5 | SingaporeSGP | $3.9B | 152 | 6 |
| 6 | Republic of KoreaKOR | $3.2B | 168 | 6 |
| 7 | IsraelISR | $2.1B | 114 | 6 |
| 8 | United KingdomGBR | $2.1B | 179 | 6 |
| 9 | TaiwanTWN | $1.9B | 146 | 6 |
| 10 | ItalyITA | $1.6B | 170 | 6 |
| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChinaCHN | $13.3B | 114 | 6 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $8.4B | 152 | 6 |
| 3 | GermanyDEU | $3.9B | 143 | 6 |
| 4 | TaiwanTWN | $3.7B | 72 | 6 |
| 5 | Republic of KoreaKOR | $3.6B | 110 | 6 |
| 6 | JapanJPN | $2.8B | 95 | 6 |
| 7 | MexicoMEX | $2.2B | 94 | 6 |
| 8 | IndiaIND | $1.7B | 101 | 6 |
| 9 | United KingdomGBR | $1.4B | 131 | 6 |
| 10 | Viet NamVNM | $1.4B | 70 | 6 |
HS6 product coverage
The products inside HS4 9031
Six-digit classifications make the subsector specific. Browse the product workspace ↗
8 classifications shownMachines
Machines: for balancing mechanical partsHS6 903110
Test benchesHS6 903120
Profile projectorsHS6 903130
Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90HS6 903140
Optical instruments and appliances: for inspecting semiconductor wafers or devices or for inspecting photomasks or reticles used in manufacturing semiconductor devices, n.e.s. in chapter 90HS6 903141
Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90HS6 903149
Instruments, appliances and machines: for measuring or checking n.e.c. in chapter 90HS6 903180
Instruments, appliances and machines: parts and accessories for those measuring or checking devices of heading no. 9031HS6 903190
Definitions and coverage
Read the numbers with context
Reported observations and calculated indicators should be read with their coverage period. Responsible AI principles ↗
Reported values
Trade values describe reported merchandise trade for the HS4 classification, not company-level sales or shipment records.
Calculated indicators
Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated from reported observations.
Missing data
Unavailable observations remain unavailable. They are not filled, interpolated, or presented as forecasts.
Coverage: 1995-2024 · Data refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:09
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.