Latest trade
$8.1BGlobal subsector valueHS4 subsector intelligence
Machines
HS4 8441 trade overview
A focused view of this HS4 subsector: market scale, momentum, leading routes, countries, and the HS6 classifications inside it.
The numbers at a glanceLatest reported year · 2024
Annual change
-3.8%Latest year on yearExporters
172Active reporting countriesImporters
197Active reporting countriesHS6 products
6Classifications inside HS4The subsector read
$8.1B in trade, with -0.2% annualized growth over three years.
Machines is recorded across 5,346 active corridors, with 172 exporters and 197 importers.
Annual trend
Subsector momentum over time
Reported global trade from 1995 to 2024. Read the methodology ↗
Top trade corridors
Where the subsector moves
Leading exporter-to-importer relationships by latest reported value. See data sources ↗
Latest reported relationshipsTop 10 by trade value
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 | Distance | FTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ItalyITA | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $256.2M | +3% | 6 | 6,907 km | No |
| 2 | GermanyDEU | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $248.6M | +4.8% | 6 | 6,402 km | No |
| 3 | ChinaCHN | IndiaIND | $198.9M | +10.1% | 6 | 4,252 km | No |
| 4 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $171.1M | +8.2% | 6 | 6,339 km | No |
| 5 | ChinaCHN | Viet NamVNM | $152.8M | +6% | 6 | 2,732 km | Yes |
| 6 | ChinaCHN | RussiaRUS | $108.3M | +31.8% | 6 | 6,831 km | No |
| 7 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | MexicoMEX | $96.0M | +16.1% | 6 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 8 | GermanyDEU | ItalyITA | $95.4M | +9.2% | 6 | 1,184 km | Yes |
| 9 | GermanyDEU | PolandPOL | $83.0M | +1.2% | 6 | 518 km | Yes |
| 10 | ChinaCHN | IndonesiaIDN | $82.6M | +6.5% | 6 | 4,425 km | Yes |
Market structure
Where supply and demand concentrate
Exporter and importer rankings show the two sides of the subsector separately. Check coverage ↗
| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChinaCHN | $1.9B | 185 | 6 |
| 2 | GermanyDEU | $1.3B | 154 | 6 |
| 3 | ItalyITA | $1.1B | 150 | 6 |
| 4 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $515.0M | 108 | 6 |
| 5 | FranceFRA | $514.1M | 133 | 6 |
| 6 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $401.6M | 140 | 6 |
| 7 | NetherlandsNLD | $282.0M | 135 | 6 |
| 8 | JapanJPN | $274.2M | 117 | 6 |
| 9 | SpainESP | $229.5M | 126 | 6 |
| 10 | TaiwanTWN | $162.0M | 135 | 6 |
| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $1.4B | 82 | 6 |
| 2 | GermanyDEU | $426.5M | 71 | 6 |
| 3 | MexicoMEX | $370.2M | 87 | 6 |
| 4 | FranceFRA | $337.8M | 64 | 6 |
| 5 | IndiaIND | $319.9M | 70 | 6 |
| 6 | ItalyITA | $315.2M | 74 | 6 |
| 7 | SpainESP | $272.1M | 65 | 6 |
| 8 | PolandPOL | $248.3M | 56 | 6 |
| 9 | United KingdomGBR | $227.2M | 63 | 6 |
| 10 | CanadaCAN | $214.9M | 60 | 6 |
HS6 product coverage
The products inside HS4 8441
Six-digit classifications make the subsector specific. Browse the product workspace ↗
6 classifications shownMachines
Machines: cutting, of all kinds, for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboardHS6 844110
Machines: for making bags, sacks or envelopes of paper pulp, paper or paperboardHS6 844120
Machines: for making cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums or similar containers (other than by moulding), of paper pulp, paper or paperboardHS6 844130
Machines: for moulding articles, in paper pulp, paper or paperboardHS6 844140
Machinery: n.e.c. in heading no. 8441, for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboardHS6 844180
Machinery: parts of machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cutting machines of all kindsHS6 844190
Definitions and coverage
Read the numbers with context
Reported observations and calculated indicators should be read with their coverage period. Responsible AI principles ↗
Reported values
Trade values describe reported merchandise trade for the HS4 classification, not company-level sales or shipment records.
Calculated indicators
Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated from reported observations.
Missing data
Unavailable observations remain unavailable. They are not filled, interpolated, or presented as forecasts.
Coverage: 1995-2024 · Data refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:09
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.