Latest trade
$854.5MGlobal subsector valueHS4 subsector intelligence
Book-binding machinery
HS4 8440 trade overview
A focused view of this HS4 subsector: market scale, momentum, leading routes, countries, and the HS6 classifications inside it.
The numbers at a glanceLatest reported year · 2024
Annual change
-1.7%Latest year on yearExporters
143Active reporting countriesImporters
193Active reporting countriesHS6 products
2Classifications inside HS4The subsector read
$854.5M in trade, with +1.4% annualized growth over three years.
Book-binding machinery is recorded across 3,222 active corridors, with 143 exporters and 193 importers.
Annual trend
Subsector momentum over time
Reported global trade from 1995 to 2024. Read the methodology ↗
Top trade corridors
Where the subsector moves
Leading exporter-to-importer relationships by latest reported value. See data sources ↗
Latest reported relationshipsTop 10 by trade value
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 | Distance | FTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GermanyDEU | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $42.7M | +5% | 2 | 6,402 km | No |
| 2 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $40.3M | +17.5% | 2 | 6,339 km | No |
| 3 | ChinaCHN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $21.7M | -8.7% | 2 | 11,883 km | No |
| 4 | LatviaLVA | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $20.5M | +33.4% | 2 | 6,775 km | No |
| 5 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | GermanyDEU | $20.3M | -7.1% | 2 | 674 km | Yes |
| 6 | JapanJPN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $19.8M | +14.3% | 2 | 10,872 km | No |
| 7 | GermanyDEU | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $15.0M | +10% | 2 | 674 km | Yes |
| 8 | GermanyDEU | AlgeriaDZA | $12.1M | +147.1% | 2 | 1,932 km | Yes |
| 9 | GermanyDEU | ItalyITA | $11.7M | -8.3% | 2 | 1,184 km | Yes |
| 10 | GermanyDEU | FranceFRA | $11.2M | +2.5% | 2 | 881 km | Yes |
Market structure
Where supply and demand concentrate
Exporter and importer rankings show the two sides of the subsector separately. Check coverage ↗
| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GermanyDEU | $214.7M | 134 | 2 |
| 2 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $127.6M | 112 | 2 |
| 3 | ChinaCHN | $93.9M | 177 | 2 |
| 4 | JapanJPN | $77.0M | 102 | 2 |
| 5 | ItalyITA | $59.2M | 113 | 2 |
| 6 | LatviaLVA | $37.1M | 63 | 2 |
| 7 | NetherlandsNLD | $36.3M | 108 | 2 |
| 8 | United KingdomGBR | $25.3M | 119 | 2 |
| 9 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $19.2M | 110 | 2 |
| 10 | IndiaIND | $18.9M | 103 | 2 |
| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $202.4M | 53 | 2 |
| 2 | GermanyDEU | $57.9M | 56 | 2 |
| 3 | United KingdomGBR | $35.5M | 48 | 2 |
| 4 | FranceFRA | $34.9M | 50 | 2 |
| 5 | NetherlandsNLD | $32.8M | 43 | 2 |
| 6 | ChinaCHN | $29.5M | 39 | 2 |
| 7 | IndiaIND | $26.7M | 42 | 2 |
| 8 | ItalyITA | $26.3M | 38 | 2 |
| 9 | SpainESP | $22.7M | 37 | 2 |
| 10 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $22.3M | 43 | 2 |
HS6 product coverage
The products inside HS4 8440
Six-digit classifications make the subsector specific. Browse the product workspace ↗
2 classifications shownBook-binding machinery
Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machinesHS6 844010
Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereofHS6 844090
Definitions and coverage
Read the numbers with context
Reported observations and calculated indicators should be read with their coverage period. Responsible AI principles ↗
Reported values
Trade values describe reported merchandise trade for the HS4 classification, not company-level sales or shipment records.
Calculated indicators
Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated from reported observations.
Missing data
Unavailable observations remain unavailable. They are not filled, interpolated, or presented as forecasts.
Coverage: 1995-2024 · Data refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:09
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.