Latest trade
$14.5BGlobal subsector valueHS4 subsector intelligence
Printed matter
HS4 4901 trade overview
A focused view of this HS4 subsector: market scale, momentum, leading routes, countries, and the HS6 classifications inside it.
The numbers at a glanceLatest reported year · 2024
Annual change
-6.5%Latest year on yearExporters
199Active reporting countriesImporters
200Active reporting countriesHS6 products
3Classifications inside HS4The subsector read
$14.5B in trade, with -3% annualized growth over three years.
Printed matter is recorded across 12,337 active corridors, with 199 exporters and 200 importers.
Annual trend
Subsector momentum over time
Reported global trade from 1995 to 2024. Read the methodology ↗
Top trade corridors
Where the subsector moves
Leading exporter-to-importer relationships by latest reported value. See data sources ↗
Latest reported relationshipsTop 10 by trade value
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 | Distance | FTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChinaCHN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $693.7M | +7.1% | 3 | 11,883 km | No |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | CanadaCAN | $590.5M | -6% | 3 | 556 km | Yes |
| 3 | NetherlandsNLD | BelgiumBEL | $461.1M | +2.8% | 3 | 174 km | Yes |
| 4 | PolandPOL | GermanyDEU | $407.7M | -20.4% | 3 | 518 km | Yes |
| 5 | United KingdomGBR | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $355.8M | -5.2% | 3 | 5,585 km | No |
| 6 | GermanyDEU | AustriaAUT | $315.9M | +5.1% | 3 | 524 km | Yes |
| 7 | GermanyDEU | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $254.4M | -2.5% | 3 | 674 km | Yes |
| 8 | CanadaCAN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $246.4M | +1.3% | 3 | 556 km | Yes |
| 9 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | United KingdomGBR | $241.2M | -11.3% | 3 | 5,585 km | No |
| 10 | GermanyDEU | PolandPOL | $240.7M | -24.5% | 3 | 518 km | Yes |
Market structure
Where supply and demand concentrate
Exporter and importer rankings show the two sides of the subsector separately. Check coverage ↗
| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United KingdomGBR | $1.8B | 188 | 3 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $1.8B | 181 | 3 |
| 3 | ChinaCHN | $1.6B | 192 | 3 |
| 4 | GermanyDEU | $1.5B | 183 | 3 |
| 5 | FranceFRA | $849.7M | 178 | 3 |
| 6 | PolandPOL | $726.9M | 138 | 3 |
| 7 | NetherlandsNLD | $701.8M | 177 | 3 |
| 8 | ItalyITA | $530.0M | 162 | 3 |
| 9 | SpainESP | $475.4M | 168 | 3 |
| 10 | CzechiaCZE | $376.4M | 122 | 3 |
| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $2.2B | 149 | 3 |
| 2 | GermanyDEU | $1.4B | 161 | 3 |
| 3 | CanadaCAN | $916.8M | 162 | 3 |
| 4 | FranceFRA | $814.5M | 163 | 3 |
| 5 | BelgiumBEL | $752.6M | 130 | 3 |
| 6 | United KingdomGBR | $752.4M | 145 | 3 |
| 7 | NetherlandsNLD | $533.2M | 145 | 3 |
| 8 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $479.3M | 145 | 3 |
| 9 | AustriaAUT | $450.4M | 119 | 3 |
| 10 | PolandPOL | $363.7M | 114 | 3 |
HS6 product coverage
The products inside HS4 4901
Six-digit classifications make the subsector specific. Browse the product workspace ↗
3 classifications shownPrinted matter
Printed matter: in single sheets, whether or not foldedHS6 490110
Printed matter: dictionaries, encyclopaedias and serial instalments thereofHS6 490191
Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91HS6 490199
Definitions and coverage
Read the numbers with context
Reported observations and calculated indicators should be read with their coverage period. Responsible AI principles ↗
Reported values
Trade values describe reported merchandise trade for the HS4 classification, not company-level sales or shipment records.
Calculated indicators
Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated from reported observations.
Missing data
Unavailable observations remain unavailable. They are not filled, interpolated, or presented as forecasts.
Coverage: 1995-2024 · Data refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:09
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.