Latest HS4 trade
$2.7BReported valueHS4 subsector corridor intelligence
Casein
top trade corridors
HS4 3501 - leading exporter-to-importer routes
Explore reported routes for this HS4 subsector, ranked by latest trade value and paired with growth, market share, access, tariff, and distance context.
The route picture at a glanceHS4 3501 - reported trade
Corridors shown
25Leading routes by valueLeading route value
$269.4MLatest reported valueLeading route growth
+7.8%Calculated 3-year changeLatest reported year
20241995-2024 coverageThe HS4 corridor read
New Zealand to China leads the reported HS4 3501 routes.
The leading route recorded $269.4M in 2024, with +7.8% calculated three-year growth. Across the HS4 subsector, latest reported trade was $2.7B, with -2.9% calculated three-year growth. Read the HS4 overview ↗
Leading route$269.4M10% of latest HS4 trade
Top HS4 corridors
Where Casein trade moves
Observed exporter-to-importer relationships ranked by latest reported trade value. Growth, peak comparisons, and shares are calculated indicators; access fields provide context where available. Review data sources ↗
HS4 3501 exporter-to-importer relationshipsTop 25 by value
Scroll horizontally to compare all route fields.
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Latest trade | 3-year CAGR | 5-year CAGR | 10-year CAGR | Market share | FTA / access | Applied tariff | MFN tariff | Preferential tariff | Tariff advantage | Distance | Historical peak | Latest below peak | Years | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New ZealandNZL | ChinaCHN | $269.4M | +7.8% | +19.1% | +9.2% | 10% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | +0.2 pp | 9,361 km | $334.3M2023 | 19.4% | 30 | Growing |
| 2 | New ZealandNZL | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $212.7M | -0.7% | +7.2% | -2.6% | 7.9% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 14,187 km | $319.9M2015 | 33.5% | 30 | Stable |
| 3 | New ZealandNZL | JapanJPN | $96.1M | +2.4% | +6.1% | -0.6% | 3.6% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0.1% | -0 pp | 8,813 km | $139.2M2023 | 30.9% | 30 | Stable |
| 4 | NetherlandsNLD | GermanyDEU | $83.5M | -2.6% | +4.5% | -0.2% | 3.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 579 km | $116.7M2022 | 28.4% | 30 | Stable |
| 5 | IrelandIRL | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $75.2M | -20.6% | -5% | -1.3% | 2.8% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,129 km | $176.8M2022 | 57.4% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 6 | NetherlandsNLD | ChinaCHN | $74.8M | +21.8% | +21.4% | +11.3% | 2.8% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 8,894 km | $74.8M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 7 | IrelandIRL | MexicoMEX | $65.2M | -11.1% | +3.2% | +4.4% | 2.4% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 8,486 km | $132.4M2022 | 50.8% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 8 | DenmarkDNK | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $61.9M | +19.2% | +26% | +14.9% | 2.3% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,204 km | $73.8M2023 | 16.1% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 9 | IrelandIRL | NetherlandsNLD | $61.6M | +7.6% | +24.7% | +12.6% | 2.3% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 757 km | $81.5M2022 | 24.5% | 30 | Growing |
| 10 | New ZealandNZL | MexicoMEX | $44.4M | -17.7% | -5% | -6.2% | 1.6% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 10,949 km | $84.6M2014 | 47.5% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 11 | NetherlandsNLD | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $44.0M | -6.5% | -1% | -5.3% | 1.6% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,877 km | $75.9M2014 | 42.1% | 30 | Declining |
| 12 | FranceFRA | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $41.8M | -11.3% | +3.7% | +6.2% | 1.5% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,852 km | $74.0M2022 | 43.6% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 13 | IrelandIRL | ChinaCHN | $40.1M | +26.2% | +61.6% | +26.7% | 1.5% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 9,368 km | $49.2M2023 | 18.4% | 26 | Rapid growth |
| 14 | FranceFRA | NetherlandsNLD | $39.1M | +30.1% | +28.9% | +5.9% | 1.4% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 431 km | $39.1M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 15 | FranceFRA | ItalyITA | $30.7M | +0% | +10.7% | -3% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,106 km | $51.4M2008 | 40.2% | 30 | Stable |
| 16 | IrelandIRL | United KingdomGBR | $30.5M | +3.3% | +7.8% | +0.7% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 463 km | $38.7M2007 | 21% | 30 | Growing |
| 17 | IrelandIRL | SpainESP | $29.4M | -2.8% | +7.5% | +0.8% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,449 km | $54.1M2022 | 45.7% | 30 | Stable |
| 18 | New ZealandNZL | ThailandTHA | $26.6M | +14.4% | +11.2% | -0.7% | 1% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0% | +0.3 pp | 9,563 km | $30.4M2022 | 12.5% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 19 | FranceFRA | SpainESP | $26.0M | -0.9% | +6.8% | -4.6% | 1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,053 km | $64.6M2008 | 59.7% | 30 | Stable |
| 20 | FranceFRA | ChinaCHN | $25.4M | -5.4% | +16.1% | +11.7% | 0.9% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 9,284 km | $38.9M2022 | 34.8% | 30 | Declining |
| 21 | New ZealandNZL | Republic of KoreaKOR | $24.3M | -8.2% | +4.7% | -0.8% | 0.9% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 9,597 km | $44.6M2022 | 45.6% | 30 | Declining |
| 22 | New ZealandNZL | IndonesiaIDN | $22.5M | -15.6% | -2.2% | -4.9% | 0.8% | FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0% | +0.2 pp | 7,639 km | $59.7M2022 | 62.3% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 23 | GermanyDEU | MexicoMEX | $22.2M | +0.8% | +4.8% | -0.2% | 0.8% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 9,743 km | $30.2M2022 | 26.5% | 30 | Stable |
| 24 | PolandPOL | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $21.0M | -13% | -5.6% | +5.3% | 0.8% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 6,872 km | $82.0M2023 | 74.3% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 25 | IrelandIRL | GermanyDEU | $20.8M | -19.3% | -0.9% | +0% | 0.8% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,321 km | $62.9M2007 | 66.9% | 30 | Rapid decline |
Movement to watch
Growth leaders for HS4 3501
The strongest available three-year growth rates are starting points for research, not forecasts. Compare the calculated rate with each route's reported value, share, and trend. Read the methodology ↗
01Growth leader
France to Netherlands
+30.1%calculated 3-year CAGR$39.1M latest value1.4% market shareRapid growth
02Growth leader
Ireland to China
+26.2%calculated 3-year CAGR$40.1M latest value1.5% market shareRapid growth
03Growth leader
Netherlands to China
+21.8%calculated 3-year CAGR$74.8M latest value2.8% market shareRapid growth
04Growth leader
Denmark to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands
+19.2%calculated 3-year CAGR$61.9M latest value2.3% market shareRapid growth
05Growth leader
New Zealand to Thailand
+14.4%calculated 3-year CAGR$26.6M latest value1% market shareRapid growth
Access and tariff context
Compare route access without over-reading one indicator
FTA status, applied tariffs, tariff advantage, and distance are supporting route context. Group averages are calculated from displayed routes and are not tariff recommendations. Check data coverage ↗
15 displayed routes with average calculated growth of -0.9%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.1%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0.1 pp
10 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +1.2%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.1%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0 pp
Lowest reported applied tariffFTA reported
Netherlands to Germany
0%Routes with an available applied tariff. Latest route value: $83.5M.
Applied 0%Advantage +0 pp579 km
Largest reported tariff advantageFTA reported
New Zealand to Thailand
+0.3 ppRoutes with an available tariff advantage. Latest route value: $26.6M.
Applied 0.3%Advantage +0.3 pp9,563 km
HS4 indicators
Scale, momentum, and structure in one view
These cards pair reported trade observations with calculated indicators from the available HS4 history. See indicator definitions ↗
Combined reported value across the 25 routes shown.
Calculated annualized change in reported HS4 trade.
Calculated concentration indicators; higher values mean a more concentrated mix.
Calculated variation in annual reported HS4 trade.
Historical peak: $3.9B in 2022. Latest below peak: 29.8%.
30 observed years; 1,701 active corridors, 102 exporters, 178 importers, and 2 HS6 products.
How to read this view
Keep reported scale separate from calculated movement.
Latest trade values describe reported merchandise trade for HS4 3501. Growth, market share, HHI, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated indicators over the stated coverage period.
FTA status, tariffs, and distance add route context where available. A missing value stays unavailable; it is not treated as zero or a forecast.
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.