Latest trade
$12.6BGlobal subsector valueHS4 subsector intelligence
Ink
HS4 3215 trade overview
A focused view of this HS4 subsector: market scale, momentum, leading routes, countries, and the HS6 classifications inside it.
The numbers at a glanceLatest reported year · 2024
Annual change
+3.4%Latest year on yearExporters
175Active reporting countriesImporters
200Active reporting countriesHS6 products
3Classifications inside HS4The subsector read
$12.6B in trade, with -2.4% annualized growth over three years.
Ink is recorded across 6,717 active corridors, with 175 exporters and 200 importers.
Annual trend
Subsector momentum over time
Reported global trade from 1995 to 2024. Read the methodology ↗
Top trade corridors
Where the subsector moves
Leading exporter-to-importer relationships by latest reported value. See data sources ↗
Latest reported relationshipsTop 10 by trade value
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 | Distance | FTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IndiaIND | United Arab EmiratesARE | $663.4M | +213.4% | 3 | 2,204 km | No |
| 2 | NetherlandsNLD | GermanyDEU | $293.3M | -15.4% | 3 | 579 km | Yes |
| 3 | GermanyDEU | FranceFRA | $212.0M | -16.3% | 3 | 881 km | Yes |
| 4 | GermanyDEU | NetherlandsNLD | $204.1M | -21.3% | 3 | 579 km | Yes |
| 5 | GermanyDEU | ItalyITA | $198.9M | -7.7% | 3 | 1,184 km | Yes |
| 6 | JapanJPN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $189.0M | +15.4% | 3 | 10,872 km | No |
| 7 | MalaysiaMYS | GermanyDEU | $153.3M | +10.4% | 3 | 9,616 km | No |
| 8 | United KingdomGBR | NetherlandsNLD | $152.0M | -15.5% | 3 | 358 km | Yes |
| 9 | ChinaCHN | GermanyDEU | $146.0M | -21.1% | 3 | 8,415 km | No |
| 10 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | MexicoMEX | $141.6M | +4.4% | 3 | 3,359 km | Yes |
Market structure
Where supply and demand concentrate
Exporter and importer rankings show the two sides of the subsector separately. Check coverage ↗
| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GermanyDEU | $1.7B | 170 | 3 |
| 2 | JapanJPN | $1.3B | 144 | 3 |
| 3 | NetherlandsNLD | $1.1B | 152 | 3 |
| 4 | ChinaCHN | $930.5M | 192 | 3 |
| 5 | IndiaIND | $900.3M | 157 | 3 |
| 6 | United KingdomGBR | $749.4M | 166 | 3 |
| 7 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $723.2M | 162 | 3 |
| 8 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | $636.6M | 142 | 3 |
| 9 | MalaysiaMYS | $493.0M | 135 | 3 |
| 10 | FranceFRA | $482.5M | 161 | 3 |
| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GermanyDEU | $1.4B | 88 | 3 |
| 2 | FranceFRA | $842.9M | 83 | 3 |
| 3 | United Arab EmiratesARE | $744.3M | 71 | 3 |
| 4 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $728.5M | 78 | 3 |
| 5 | NetherlandsNLD | $619.0M | 73 | 3 |
| 6 | ItalyITA | $480.4M | 59 | 3 |
| 7 | ChinaCHN | $466.6M | 61 | 3 |
| 8 | United KingdomGBR | $437.0M | 72 | 3 |
| 9 | PolandPOL | $355.6M | 64 | 3 |
| 10 | MexicoMEX | $312.3M | 53 | 3 |
HS6 product coverage
The products inside HS4 3215
Six-digit classifications make the subsector specific. Browse the product workspace ↗
3 classifications shownInk
Ink: for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solidHS6 321511
Ink: for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solidHS6 321519
Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solidHS6 321590
Definitions and coverage
Read the numbers with context
Reported observations and calculated indicators should be read with their coverage period. Responsible AI principles ↗
Reported values
Trade values describe reported merchandise trade for the HS4 classification, not company-level sales or shipment records.
Calculated indicators
Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated from reported observations.
Missing data
Unavailable observations remain unavailable. They are not filled, interpolated, or presented as forecasts.
Coverage: 1995-2024 · Data refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:09
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.