Latest HS4 trade
$2.8BReported valueHS4 subsector corridor intelligence
Heavy water (deuterium oxide)
top trade corridors
HS4 2845 - leading exporter-to-importer routes
Explore reported routes for this HS4 subsector, ranked by latest trade value and paired with growth, market share, access, tariff, and distance context.
The route picture at a glanceHS4 2845 - reported trade
Corridors shown
25Leading routes by valueLeading route value
$1.1BLatest reported valueLeading route growth
+22,609.7%Calculated 3-year changeLatest reported year
20241995-2024 coverageThe HS4 corridor read
Ireland to Canada leads the reported HS4 2845 routes.
The leading route recorded $1.1B in 2024, with +22,609.7% calculated three-year growth. Across the HS4 subsector, latest reported trade was $2.8B, with +58.6% calculated three-year growth. Read the HS4 overview ↗
Leading route$1.1B38.9% of latest HS4 trade
Top HS4 corridors
Where Heavy water (deuterium oxide) trade moves
Observed exporter-to-importer relationships ranked by latest reported trade value. Growth, peak comparisons, and shares are calculated indicators; access fields provide context where available. Review data sources ↗
HS4 2845 exporter-to-importer relationshipsTop 25 by value
Scroll horizontally to compare all route fields.
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Latest trade | 3-year CAGR | 5-year CAGR | 10-year CAGR | Market share | FTA / access | Applied tariff | MFN tariff | Preferential tariff | Tariff advantage | Distance | Historical peak | Latest below peak | Years | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IrelandIRL | CanadaCAN | $1.1B | +22,609.7% | +2,492.6% | +409.2% | 38.9% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 5,266 km | $1.1B2024 | 0% | 6 | Rapid growth |
| 2 | PortugalPRT | IrelandIRL | $178.5M | +1,886.9% | +501% | +145.2% | 6.3% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,640 km | $178.5M2024 | 0% | 4 | Rapid growth |
| 3 | RussiaRUS | ChinaCHN | $164.0M | +234.2% | +125% | +67.1% | 5.8% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,831 km | $164.0M2024 | 0% | 29 | Rapid growth |
| 4 | ChinaCHN | Republic of KoreaKOR | $143.0M | +86.3% | +107.2% | +99.4% | 5.1% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | +0 pp | 867 km | $143.0M2024 | 0% | 22 | Rapid growth |
| 5 | China, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHKG | ChinaCHN | $139.2M | +2,089.2% | +813% | +184.9% | 4.9% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0% | +0.3 pp | 1,226 km | $139.2M2024 | 0% | 15 | Rapid growth |
| 6 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | ChinaCHN | $112.2M | +8.1% | +21.7% | +20.8% | 4% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 11,883 km | $116.2M2023 | 3.5% | 30 | Growing |
| 7 | CanadaCAN | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $88.3M | +28.4% | +14.3% | +22.7% | 3.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 556 km | $88.3M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 8 | ChinaCHN | China, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHKG | $52.8M | +954.1% | +171.5% | +80.4% | 1.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 1,226 km | $52.8M2024 | 0% | 19 | Rapid growth |
| 9 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | GermanyDEU | $51.0M | +28.8% | +25.2% | +16.8% | 1.8% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,402 km | $51.0M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 10 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | Republic of KoreaKOR | $47.3M | +10% | +22.1% | +14.2% | 1.7% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 11,077 km | $48.4M2023 | 2.2% | 30 | Growing |
| 11 | Republic of KoreaKOR | ChinaCHN | $47.3M | +38.5% | +61% | +104.1% | 1.7% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | +0.2 pp | 867 km | $47.3M2024 | 0% | 21 | Rapid growth |
| 12 | RussiaRUS | NetherlandsNLD | $38.3M | +526.6% | +200.7% | +85.8% | 1.4% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 2,155 km | $38.3M2024 | 0% | 24 | Rapid growth |
| 13 | Iran (Islamic Republic of)IRN | ChinaCHN | $25.0M | +32.7% | +104.7% | Not reported | 0.9% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,390 km | $25.0M2024 | 0% | 8 | Rapid growth |
| 14 | IndiaIND | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $22.5M | +48% | +53% | +5.2% | 0.8% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 11,771 km | $78.1M2023 | 71.2% | 23 | Rapid growth |
| 15 | IrelandIRL | ChinaCHN | $19.3M | +2,751.5% | +646.5% | +159.3% | 0.7% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 9,368 km | $19.3M2024 | 0% | 9 | Rapid growth |
| 16 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | JapanJPN | $17.9M | -3.3% | -1.3% | +3.3% | 0.6% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 10,872 km | $19.8M2021 | 9.5% | 30 | Declining |
| 17 | RussiaRUS | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $17.8M | +22.3% | +7.5% | +6.3% | 0.6% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 7,531 km | $20.5M2013 | 13.1% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 18 | NetherlandsNLD | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $16.7M | +18% | +26.4% | +14.5% | 0.6% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,877 km | $16.7M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 19 | IndiaIND | Republic of KoreaKOR | $16.5M | +672.8% | +409.6% | +160.7% | 0.6% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0 pp | 4,692 km | $16.5M2024 | 0% | 24 | Rapid growth |
| 20 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | SpainESP | $16.1M | +88.1% | +86.3% | +46.7% | 0.6% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,782 km | $16.1M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 21 | ChinaCHN | PortugalPRT | $15.3M | +1,746.9% | Not reported | Not reported | 0.5% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 10,732 km | $15.3M2024 | 0% | 4 | Rapid growth |
| 22 | RussiaRUS | SingaporeSGP | $14.5M | +723.3% | +146% | +135% | 0.5% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 8,423 km | $14.5M2024 | 0% | 19 | Rapid growth |
| 23 | IrelandIRL | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $13.9M | -12.9% | -15.2% | +95.3% | 0.5% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 5,129 km | $98.0M2023 | 85.9% | 17 | Rapid decline |
| 24 | CanadaCAN | GermanyDEU | $13.2M | +4.5% | +31.5% | +21.7% | 0.5% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 6,493 km | $13.2M2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 25 | GermanyDEU | CanadaCAN | $11.8M | +249% | +130.9% | +51.8% | 0.4% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 6,493 km | $11.8M2024 | 0% | 28 | Rapid growth |
Movement to watch
Growth leaders for HS4 2845
The strongest available three-year growth rates are starting points for research, not forecasts. Compare the calculated rate with each route's reported value, share, and trend. Read the methodology ↗
01Growth leader
Ireland to Canada
+22,609.7%calculated 3-year CAGR$1.1B latest value38.9% market shareRapid growth
02Growth leader
Ireland to China
+2,751.5%calculated 3-year CAGR$19.3M latest value0.7% market shareRapid growth
03Growth leader
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to China
+2,089.2%calculated 3-year CAGR$139.2M latest value4.9% market shareRapid growth
04Growth leader
Portugal to Ireland
+1,886.9%calculated 3-year CAGR$178.5M latest value6.3% market shareRapid growth
05Growth leader
China to Portugal
+1,746.9%calculated 3-year CAGR$15.3M latest value0.5% market shareRapid growth
Access and tariff context
Compare route access without over-reading one indicator
FTA status, applied tariffs, tariff advantage, and distance are supporting route context. Group averages are calculated from displayed routes and are not tariff recommendations. Check data coverage ↗
11 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +2,602.7%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.1%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0.1 pp
14 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +443.7%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.1%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0 pp
Lowest reported applied tariffFTA reported
Portugal to Ireland
0%Routes with an available applied tariff. Latest route value: $178.5M.
Applied 0%Advantage +0 pp1,640 km
Largest reported tariff advantageFTA reported
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to China
+0.3 ppRoutes with an available tariff advantage. Latest route value: $139.2M.
Applied 0.3%Advantage +0.3 pp1,226 km
HS4 indicators
Scale, momentum, and structure in one view
These cards pair reported trade observations with calculated indicators from the available HS4 history. See indicator definitions ↗
Combined reported value across the 25 routes shown.
Calculated annualized change in reported HS4 trade.
Calculated concentration indicators; higher values mean a more concentrated mix.
Calculated variation in annual reported HS4 trade.
Historical peak: $2.8B in 2024. Latest below peak: 0%.
30 observed years; 1,430 active corridors, 94 exporters, 167 importers, and 2 HS6 products.
How to read this view
Keep reported scale separate from calculated movement.
Latest trade values describe reported merchandise trade for HS4 2845. Growth, market share, HHI, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated indicators over the stated coverage period.
FTA status, tariffs, and distance add route context where available. A missing value stays unavailable; it is not treated as zero or a forecast.
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.