Latest HS4 trade
$100.7BReported valueHS4 subsector corridor intelligence
Copper ores and concentrates
top trade corridors
HS4 2603 - leading exporter-to-importer routes
Explore reported routes for this HS4 subsector, ranked by latest trade value and paired with growth, market share, access, tariff, and distance context.
The route picture at a glanceHS4 2603 - reported trade
Corridors shown
25Leading routes by valueLeading route value
$20.3BLatest reported valueLeading route growth
+1.3%Calculated 3-year changeLatest reported year
20241995-2024 coverageThe HS4 corridor read
Chile to China leads the reported HS4 2603 routes.
The leading route recorded $20.3B in 2024, with +1.3% calculated three-year growth. Across the HS4 subsector, latest reported trade was $100.7B, with +3.4% calculated three-year growth. Read the HS4 overview ↗
Leading route$20.3B20.2% of latest HS4 trade
Top HS4 corridors
Where Copper ores and concentrates trade moves
Observed exporter-to-importer relationships ranked by latest reported trade value. Growth, peak comparisons, and shares are calculated indicators; access fields provide context where available. Review data sources ↗
HS4 2603 exporter-to-importer relationshipsTop 25 by value
Scroll horizontally to compare all route fields.
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Latest trade | 3-year CAGR | 5-year CAGR | 10-year CAGR | Market share | FTA / access | Applied tariff | MFN tariff | Preferential tariff | Tariff advantage | Distance | Historical peak | Latest below peak | Years | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChileCHL | ChinaCHN | $20.3B | +1.3% | +14.9% | +14.9% | 20.2% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0% | +0.3 pp | 18,861 km | $20.3B2024 | 0% | 30 | Stable |
| 2 | PeruPER | ChinaCHN | $15.5B | +10.5% | +13.5% | +16.5% | 15.4% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0% | +0.3 pp | 17,167 km | $15.5B2024 | 0% | 28 | Rapid growth |
| 3 | ChileCHL | JapanJPN | $5.1B | +6% | +10.5% | +1.9% | 5.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 17,242 km | $5.1B2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 4 | MexicoMEX | ChinaCHN | $3.5B | +1.7% | +12.4% | +11.6% | 3.5% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 12,928 km | $3.5B2024 | 0% | 28 | Stable |
| 5 | MongoliaMNG | ChinaCHN | $3.1B | +2.2% | +12.1% | +2.1% | 3.1% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 2,228 km | $3.1B2024 | 0% | 30 | Stable |
| 6 | KazakhstanKAZ | ChinaCHN | $2.9B | +24.9% | +28.9% | +16.3% | 2.9% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 4,117 km | $2.9B2024 | 0% | 28 | Rapid growth |
| 7 | IndonesiaIDN | ChinaCHN | $2.3B | +26.3% | +31.2% | +18.7% | 2.3% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | +0.2 pp | 4,425 km | $2.3B2024 | 0% | 29 | Rapid growth |
| 8 | IndonesiaIDN | JapanJPN | $2.1B | +10% | +60.9% | +16% | 2% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 5,772 km | $2.8B2010 | 26.3% | 30 | Growing |
| 9 | AustraliaAUS | JapanJPN | $1.8B | -11.4% | +3.6% | +2.4% | 1.8% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 8,156 km | $2.6B2021 | 30.6% | 30 | Rapid decline |
| 10 | Democratic Republic of the CongoCOD | ChinaCHN | $1.8B | +62.8% | +32.6% | +32.8% | 1.8% | No FTA reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 11,798 km | $1.9B2023 | 8.9% | 23 | Rapid growth |
| 11 | PeruPER | JapanJPN | $1.7B | +12.5% | +10.8% | +8.6% | 1.7% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 15,500 km | $1.7B2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 12 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | MexicoMEX | $1.5B | +1.9% | +5.9% | -0.1% | 1.5% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 3,359 km | $1.7B2015 | 9.9% | 30 | Stable |
| 13 | ChileCHL | Republic of KoreaKOR | $1.4B | +13.5% | +1.2% | +0.9% | 1.4% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | +0 pp | 18,364 km | $1.5B2012 | 8.1% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 14 | SerbiaSRB | ChinaCHN | $1.4B | +52.1% | +2,608.1% | +92% | 1.3% | No FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | Not reported | Not reported | 8,418 km | $1.4B2024 | 0% | 10 | Rapid growth |
| 15 | RussiaRUS | ChinaCHN | $1.4B | +6.3% | +43.7% | +60% | 1.3% | No FTA reported | 0.2% | 0.2% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,831 km | $1.4B2024 | 0% | 24 | Growing |
| 16 | ChileCHL | IndiaIND | $1.3B | +16.5% | +11.6% | -5.7% | 1.3% | No FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% | +0.4 pp | 16,927 km | $2.3B2014 | 44.5% | 27 | Rapid growth |
| 17 | CanadaCAN | ChinaCHN | $1.2B | +1.5% | +8.1% | +2.5% | 1.2% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 11,441 km | $1.2B2024 | 0% | 30 | Stable |
| 18 | EcuadorECU | ChinaCHN | $1.0B | +10.3% | +203.5% | +55.3% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 16,091 km | $1.2B2022 | 10.2% | 13 | Rapid growth |
| 19 | SpainESP | ChinaCHN | $1.0B | +6.7% | +5.5% | +23.2% | 1% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 10,277 km | $1.2B2022 | 13.4% | 25 | Growing |
| 20 | IndonesiaIDN | IndiaIND | $1.0B | +30.9% | +73.9% | +8.6% | 1% | FTA reported | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.1% | +0.4 pp | 4,999 km | $1.0B2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 21 | AustraliaAUS | ChinaCHN | $996.6M | +196.8% | -8.6% | -6.1% | 1% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | +0.2 pp | 8,024 km | $1.9B2014 | 46.4% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 22 | IndonesiaIDN | Republic of KoreaKOR | $984.5M | +10.6% | +41.8% | +17.8% | 1% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0 pp | 5,278 km | $1.5B2022 | 34.5% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 23 | BrazilBRA | ChinaCHN | $929.6M | +20.3% | +14.4% | +14.5% | 0.9% | No FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | Not reported | Not reported | 18,570 km | $929.6M2024 | 0% | 25 | Rapid growth |
| 24 | PhilippinesPHL | ChinaCHN | $847.1M | +54.4% | +27.9% | +16.6% | 0.8% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | +0.2 pp | 1,841 km | $847.1M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 25 | CanadaCAN | JapanJPN | $827.5M | -6.8% | +7.7% | -0.2% | 0.8% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0.1% | -0 pp | 10,367 km | $1.0B2022 | 20% | 30 | Declining |
Movement to watch
Growth leaders for HS4 2603
The strongest available three-year growth rates are starting points for research, not forecasts. Compare the calculated rate with each route's reported value, share, and trend. Read the methodology ↗
01Growth leader
Australia to China
+196.8%calculated 3-year CAGR$996.6M latest value1% market shareRapid growth
02Growth leader
Democratic Republic of the Congo to China
+62.8%calculated 3-year CAGR$1.8B latest value1.8% market shareRapid growth
03Growth leader
Philippines to China
+54.4%calculated 3-year CAGR$847.1M latest value0.8% market shareRapid growth
04Growth leader
Serbia to China
+52.1%calculated 3-year CAGR$1.4B latest value1.3% market shareRapid growth
05Growth leader
Indonesia to India
+30.9%calculated 3-year CAGR$1.0B latest value1% market shareRapid growth
Access and tariff context
Compare route access without over-reading one indicator
FTA status, applied tariffs, tariff advantage, and distance are supporting route context. Group averages are calculated from displayed routes and are not tariff recommendations. Check data coverage ↗
13 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +27.9%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.2%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0.1 pp
12 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +16.5%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0.3%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0.2 pp
Lowest reported applied tariffFTA reported
Chile to Japan
0%Routes with an available applied tariff. Latest route value: $5.1B.
Applied 0%Advantage +0 pp17,242 km
Largest reported tariff advantageFTA reported
Indonesia to India
+0.4 ppRoutes with an available tariff advantage. Latest route value: $1.0B.
Applied 0.5%Advantage +0.4 pp4,999 km
HS4 indicators
Scale, momentum, and structure in one view
These cards pair reported trade observations with calculated indicators from the available HS4 history. See indicator definitions ↗
Combined reported value across the 25 routes shown.
Calculated annualized change in reported HS4 trade.
Calculated concentration indicators; higher values mean a more concentrated mix.
Calculated variation in annual reported HS4 trade.
Historical peak: $100.7B in 2024. Latest below peak: 0%.
30 observed years; 1,019 active corridors, 117 exporters, 116 importers, and 1 HS6 products.
How to read this view
Keep reported scale separate from calculated movement.
Latest trade values describe reported merchandise trade for HS4 2603. Growth, market share, HHI, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated indicators over the stated coverage period.
FTA status, tariffs, and distance add route context where available. A missing value stays unavailable; it is not treated as zero or a forecast.
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.