Latest HS4 trade
$45.4BReported valueHS4 subsector corridor intelligence
Dairy produce
top trade corridors
HS4 0406 - leading exporter-to-importer routes
Explore reported routes for this HS4 subsector, ranked by latest trade value and paired with growth, market share, access, tariff, and distance context.
The route picture at a glanceHS4 0406 - reported trade
Corridors shown
25Leading routes by valueLeading route value
$1.7BLatest reported valueLeading route growth
+4.5%Calculated 3-year changeLatest reported year
20241995-2024 coverageThe HS4 corridor read
Netherlands to Germany leads the reported HS4 0406 routes.
The leading route recorded $1.7B in 2024, with +4.5% calculated three-year growth. Across the HS4 subsector, latest reported trade was $45.4B, with +7.5% calculated three-year growth. Read the HS4 overview ↗
Leading route$1.7B3.8% of latest HS4 trade
Top HS4 corridors
Where Dairy produce trade moves
Observed exporter-to-importer relationships ranked by latest reported trade value. Growth, peak comparisons, and shares are calculated indicators; access fields provide context where available. Review data sources ↗
HS4 0406 exporter-to-importer relationshipsTop 25 by value
Scroll horizontally to compare all route fields.
| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Latest trade | 3-year CAGR | 5-year CAGR | 10-year CAGR | Market share | FTA / access | Applied tariff | MFN tariff | Preferential tariff | Tariff advantage | Distance | Historical peak | Latest below peak | Years | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | NetherlandsNLD | GermanyDEU | $1.7B | +4.5% | +4.9% | +1% | 3.8% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 579 km | $1.7B2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 2 | BelarusBLR | RussiaRUS | $1.2B | +4.2% | +5.3% | +6% | 2.7% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 678 km | $1.2B2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 3 | GermanyDEU | ItalyITA | $1.2B | +7.6% | +5.9% | +0.1% | 2.6% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,184 km | $1.2B2013 | 0.4% | 30 | Growing |
| 4 | ItalyITA | FranceFRA | $1.1B | +9.5% | +11.5% | +8% | 2.4% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,106 km | $1.1B2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 5 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | MexicoMEX | $937.1M | +22.4% | +15.2% | +8.8% | 2.1% | FTA reported | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0% | +0.1 pp | 3,359 km | $937.1M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 6 | FranceFRA | GermanyDEU | $890.7M | -1.1% | +1.3% | -0.8% | 2% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 881 km | $968.0M2011 | 8% | 30 | Stable |
| 7 | ItalyITA | GermanyDEU | $858.0M | +5.2% | +6.7% | +6.1% | 1.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,184 km | $858.0M2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 8 | NetherlandsNLD | BelgiumBEL | $666.7M | +6.8% | +4.4% | +3.5% | 1.5% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 174 km | $673.3M2023 | 1% | 26 | Growing |
| 9 | GermanyDEU | NetherlandsNLD | $666.1M | +3.5% | +5.4% | +0.8% | 1.5% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 579 km | $752.1M2023 | 11.4% | 30 | Growing |
| 10 | AustriaAUT | GermanyDEU | $549.7M | +4.5% | +6.9% | +4% | 1.2% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 524 km | $553.3M2023 | 0.6% | 30 | Growing |
| 11 | GermanyDEU | FranceFRA | $543.6M | +8.7% | +10% | +4.5% | 1.2% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 881 km | $543.6M2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 12 | NetherlandsNLD | FranceFRA | $534.3M | +3.8% | +6.2% | +2.5% | 1.2% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 431 km | $573.5M2023 | 6.8% | 30 | Growing |
| 13 | ItalyITA | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA | $520.1M | +6.7% | +6.6% | +5.2% | 1.1% | No FTA reported | 0% | 0% | Not reported | Not reported | 6,907 km | $520.1M2024 | 0% | 30 | Growing |
| 14 | FranceFRA | BelgiumBEL | $505.8M | +0.1% | +2.2% | -0.7% | 1.1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 264 km | $543.9M2014 | 7% | 26 | Stable |
| 15 | NetherlandsNLD | SpainESP | $471.7M | +16.2% | +13.8% | +7% | 1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,482 km | $471.7M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 16 | New ZealandNZL | ChinaCHN | $452.9M | +6.5% | +10% | +12.5% | 1% | FTA reported | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | +0.2 pp | 9,361 km | $517.9M2023 | 12.5% | 30 | Growing |
| 17 | IrelandIRL | United KingdomGBR | $437.6M | -1.9% | -4.2% | -3.8% | 1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 463 km | $697.9M2008 | 37.3% | 30 | Stable |
| 18 | GermanyDEU | AustriaAUT | $435.0M | +4.7% | +5.8% | +1.8% | 1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 524 km | $436.1M2023 | 0.2% | 30 | Growing |
| 19 | GermanyDEU | SpainESP | $432.9M | +16.7% | +9.8% | +4.2% | 1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,872 km | $432.9M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 20 | DenmarkDNK | GermanyDEU | $431.6M | +8% | +5.2% | +1.3% | 1% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 355 km | $444.8M2023 | 3% | 30 | Growing |
| 21 | GermanyDEU | BelgiumBEL | $426.3M | +14.3% | +14.5% | +5.4% | 0.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 653 km | $426.3M2024 | 0% | 26 | Rapid growth |
| 22 | FranceFRA | SpainESP | $407.6M | +12.2% | +7.5% | +1.8% | 0.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,053 km | $407.6M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 23 | ItalyITA | United KingdomGBR | $406.9M | +10% | +6.5% | +4.8% | 0.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 1,435 km | $406.9M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
| 24 | Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE | GermanyDEU | $390.9M | +2.5% | +5.5% | +2.4% | 0.9% | FTA reported | 0% | 0.1% | 0% | +0 pp | 674 km | $390.9M2024 | 0% | 30 | Stable |
| 25 | IrelandIRL | NetherlandsNLD | $380.0M | +48.2% | +27.7% | +28.8% | 0.8% | FTA reported | 0% | 0% | 0% | +0 pp | 757 km | $380.0M2024 | 0% | 30 | Rapid growth |
Movement to watch
Growth leaders for HS4 0406
The strongest available three-year growth rates are starting points for research, not forecasts. Compare the calculated rate with each route's reported value, share, and trend. Read the methodology ↗
01Growth leader
Ireland to Netherlands
+48.2%calculated 3-year CAGR$380.0M latest value0.8% market shareRapid growth
02Growth leader
USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Mexico
+22.4%calculated 3-year CAGR$937.1M latest value2.1% market shareRapid growth
03Growth leader
Germany to Spain
+16.7%calculated 3-year CAGR$432.9M latest value1% market shareRapid growth
04Growth leader
Netherlands to Spain
+16.2%calculated 3-year CAGR$471.7M latest value1% market shareRapid growth
05Growth leader
Germany to Belgium
+14.3%calculated 3-year CAGR$426.3M latest value0.9% market shareRapid growth
Access and tariff context
Compare route access without over-reading one indicator
FTA status, applied tariffs, tariff advantage, and distance are supporting route context. Group averages are calculated from displayed routes and are not tariff recommendations. Check data coverage ↗
24 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +9%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0%
- Average tariff advantage
- +0 pp
1 displayed routes with average calculated growth of +6.7%.
- Average applied tariff
- 0%
- Average tariff advantage
- Not reported
Lowest reported applied tariffFTA reported
Netherlands to Germany
0%Routes with an available applied tariff. Latest route value: $1.7B.
Applied 0%Advantage +0 pp579 km
Largest reported tariff advantageFTA reported
New Zealand to China
+0.2 ppRoutes with an available tariff advantage. Latest route value: $452.9M.
Applied 0.3%Advantage +0.2 pp9,361 km
HS4 indicators
Scale, momentum, and structure in one view
These cards pair reported trade observations with calculated indicators from the available HS4 history. See indicator definitions ↗
Combined reported value across the 25 routes shown.
Calculated annualized change in reported HS4 trade.
Calculated concentration indicators; higher values mean a more concentrated mix.
Calculated variation in annual reported HS4 trade.
Historical peak: $45.4B in 2024. Latest below peak: 0%.
30 observed years; 5,094 active corridors, 169 exporters, 200 importers, and 5 HS6 products.
How to read this view
Keep reported scale separate from calculated movement.
Latest trade values describe reported merchandise trade for HS4 0406. Growth, market share, HHI, volatility, and peak comparisons are calculated indicators over the stated coverage period.
FTA status, tariffs, and distance add route context where available. A missing value stays unavailable; it is not treated as zero or a forecast.
Data source
OECD trade statistics with CEPII context
OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.