Country export capability

Ghana
export capability

A reported view of Ghana's export scale, destination network, sector breadth, trade history, and market-access context. Use the indicators together; no single measure describes export readiness on its own.

GHA1995-2024 coverage270 active partner marketsMacro trend resilient
Latest exports$18.3B2024 reported value
Latest imports$16.9B2024 reported value
Trade balance$1.4BExports minus imports
Export growth+19.6%Latest year-on-year change
Active partners270Latest reported markets

Country export profile overview

Ghana export data in one research view

This profile brings together export performance, trade balance, destination markets, HS2 sectors, partner breadth, history, and market-access context for country export research.

Export scale and balance

Start with the latest reported trade position

In 2024, Ghana recorded $18.3B in exports and $16.9B in imports. The resulting $1.4B trade balance gives the latest country-level position a clear context.

Exports changed +19.6% year on year and show a calculated +9.6% three-year CAGR. CAGR is an annualized comparison of reported values, not a forecast.

Markets and sectors

See where export value is concentrated

Switzerland, Liechtenstein received $3.7B in reported exports, representing 20.4% of the latest country total. Precious stones and metals was the largest displayed HS2 export sector at $7.1B and 38.6% of exports.

The visible page highlights five leading destinations and five leading HS2 sectors, while the complete structured files retain every row supplied for this sample.

History and coverage

Read today's number against the long series

The country series covers 1995 through 2024, with 30 observed annual rows. That longer view helps separate a single-year movement from the broader export trend.

Partner counts, tariff context, concentration, exposure shares, and momentum are supporting indicators calculated from available trade observations. Missing values remain unavailable rather than estimated.

Economy and structure

The context around Ghana's export base

Macroeconomic and structural indicators add context to merchandise trade scale. They describe the country environment; they do not predict company performance or future exports.

GDP$82.3B2024 macro context
GDP per capita$2.4KCurrent-dollar GDP
Population34.4MReported population
Labor force14.4KReported labor force
Investment rate23.8%National investment rate
Savings rate17.8%National savings rate
Trade openness44.2%Exports + imports / GDP
Exports / GDP23%Merchandise exports / GDP
Secondary education69.5%Education context
Tertiary education4.1%Education context

Market signals

Where to look more closely next

Route-level risk and emerging-corridor signals for further research. These are calculated indicators, not forecasts.

Destination risk contextAll covered routes
Destination risk context for Ghana
DestinationAttentionAttention shareBelow peakApplied tariffPrimary reason
USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSACritical attention92.1%44.9%2%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
MalaysiaMYSCritical attention85.9%44.6%13.4%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
IndiaINDHigh attention99.2%62.7%51.9%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
TurkeyTURCritical attention65.3%43.9%9.2%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
BeninBENCritical attention95.4%61%12.4%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
NetherlandsNLDHigh attention12.2%27.2%1.4%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
GermanyDEUCritical attention27.5%40.8%1.4%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
RussiaRUSCritical attention93.8%68.9%9%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
United KingdomGBRHigh attention56.8%50.2%Not reportedBuyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
ThailandTHACritical attention96%76.7%30.6%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction

Full route coverage is retained. High attention means the route deserves closer product and access review.

Market opportunity signals

Product-market combinations worth investigating

All returned rows use buyer demand, exporter position, and calculated addressable-value fields. They are research signals, not forecasts.

Addressable-value signalsAll returned rows
Market opportunity signals for Ghana
RankMarket and productBuyer importsAddressable 3-year valueCurrent shareDemand signal
1ChinaHS6 260111 · Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated$111.0B$119.1B0%Stable -2.6%
2USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$165.0B$114.8B0.4%Growing +1.1%
3ChinaHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$291.6B$96.1B0.5%Accelerating -6.7%
4ChinaHS6 854231 · Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits$158.0B$93.1B0%Declining +10.5%
5IndiaHS6 270900 · Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude$130.1B$72.8B0.1%Growing -0.5%
6ChinaHS6 710812 · Metals: gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder)$80.8B$64.9B0%Accelerating +2.4%
7ChinaHS6 120190 · Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken$47.8B$62.4B0%Stable -13.5%
8ChinaHS6 854239 · Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542$81.8B$61.4B0%Accelerating +4%

Addressable value is a calculated field. Validate product, buyer, tariff, and route conditions before commercial decisions.

Detailed export portfolioHS4 lines beneath the leading sectorsOpen the detailed four-digit export table for Ghana.
All HS4 export lines2024 ranking
Top HS4 export lines for Ghana
RankHS4Parent HS2 sectorExportsShareActive HS6
17108HS4 detail codePrecious stones and metals (71) ↗$7.0B38.3%3
22709HS4 detail codeMineral fuels (27) ↗$4.5B24.4%1
31801HS4 detail codeCocoa and cocoa preparations (18) ↗$1.4B7.9%1
41803HS4 detail codeCocoa and cocoa preparations (18) ↗$626.4M3.4%2
52602HS4 detail codeOres, slag and ash (26) ↗$397.1M2.2%1
60801HS4 detail codeEdible fruit and nuts (08) ↗$389.3M2.1%7
71804HS4 detail codeCocoa and cocoa preparations (18) ↗$376.7M2.1%1
84001HS4 detail codeRubber (40) ↗$213.6M1.2%4
92710HS4 detail codeMineral fuels (27) ↗$196.7M1.1%5
102716HS4 detail codeMineral fuels (27) ↗$180.5M1%1
111604HS4 detail codePrepared meat and fish (16) ↗$158.4M0.9%12
121515HS4 detail codeAnimal and vegetable fats (15) ↗$133.1M0.7%7

HS4 values are reported observations. The hierarchy is preserved; no missing descriptions are inferred.

The country export read

Ghana combines $18.3B in exports with a broad partner network.

In 2024, Ghana recorded $18.3B in reported exports and $16.9B in imports, producing a reported trade surplus of $1.4B. Exports changed +19.6% year on year and +9.6% annualized over three years. Precious stones and metals (HS2 71) was the largest displayed export sector by value.

Destination network

Where Ghana exports move

All returned destination lanes ranked by latest reported export value. Share is calculated against the country total. Review sources ↗

Latest reported destination lanesAll returned · 2024
Leading export destinations for Ghana
RankDestinationLatest exportsShareYear-on-year3-year CAGR
1Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE$3.7B20.4%+18.9%+17.3%
2United Arab EmiratesARE$2.6B14.2%+95.8%+54.9%
3ChinaCHN$2.1B11.4%+34%+14.9%
4IndiaIND$1.2B6.6%-0.1%-4.9%
5USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA$1.1B5.8%-19.9%-6.6%
6NetherlandsNLD$765.4M4.2%+28.2%+3.4%
7Burkina FasoBFA$638.5M3.5%+32.2%+19%
8CanadaCAN$577.1M3.2%+42.4%+11.5%
9ItalyITA$510.5M2.8%-24%+22.2%
10South AfricaZAF$466.9M2.6%+69.1%-6%

Destination values are reported country-to-country observations. Full returned rows remain in the downloads.

Trade history

A long view of export scale

Latest twelve years from the 30-year reported country series. Context, not a forecast.

Reported exports by year

2013
$13.5B
2014
$14.2B
2015
$12.3B
2016
$10.4B
2017
$13.0B
2018
$15.1B
2019
$14.9B
2020
$13.0B
2021
$13.9B
2022
$17.3B
2023
$15.3B
2024
$18.3B

Partner network

Scale is only one part of export capability

Partner breadth, distance, agreements, and tariffs add context to reported exports.

FTA partner markets17Reported count
WTO partner markets169Reported count
EU partner markets28Reported count
Shared-border partners3Country context
Shared-language partners77Country context
Average partner distance7,346 kmCalculated average
Partners with FTA6.3%Calculated share
Applied tariff context0.1%Calculated average
MFN tariff context0.1%Calculated average
Tariff advantage+0.1 ppPreferential vs MFN

Exposure context

Signals to examine alongside export scale

Calculated or classified route and country context. Not predictions or recommendations.

Attention share36.9%

Covered value under attention

Critical share8.6%

Covered value marked critical

Below historical peak23.8%

Distance below route peaks

FTA-covered exports8.8%

Covered value with FTA context

Weighted tariff context0.1%

Export-weighted tariff

Macro contextMacro trend resilient

Primary attention driver: Market access exposure.

Momentum score16.6

History-based indicator

Partner concentration903.3

Partner HHI

Product concentration2,122.7

Product HHI

Country attention level: Watch. Missing fields remain unavailable.

Complete country valuesOpen the full profile evidenceFull history, sectors, HS4, destinations, risk, opportunities, and source fields.

Profile fields

Year2,024
Country Iso3GHA
Exports Usd$18.3B
Imports Usd$16.9B
Trade Balance Usd$1.4B
Yoy Exports Growth Pct19.6%
Yoy Imports Growth Pct-21.8%
Exports Cagr 3y Pct9.6%
Imports Cagr 3y Pct-10.3%
Export Partner Hhi903.3
Export Product Hhi2,122.7
Momentum Score16.6
Risk Score15.1
Gdp Million Usd82,308.11 million USD
Gdp Per Capita Usd$2.4K
Population34,427,414
Labor Force14,447.9
Investment Rate Pct23.8%
Savings Rate Pct17.8%
Secondary Education Pct69.5%
Tertiary Education Pct4.1%
Total Factor Productivity340.4
Trade Openness Pct44.2%
Exports Gdp Pct23%
Num Active Partners270
Num Fta Partners17
Num Wto Partners169
Num Eu Partners28
Num Shared Border Partners3
Num Shared Language Partners77
Avg Partner Distance Km7,346 km
Avg Partner Gdp Million Usd533,678,518.33 million USD
Avg Partner Gdp Per Capita Usd$15.8
Avg Buyer Biz Entry DaysNot reported
Avg Buyer Biz Entry Cost PctNot reported
Pct Partners With Fta6
Pct Partners Shared Language29
Pct Partners Shared Border1
Avg Applied Tariff Pct0.1%
Avg Mfn Tariff Pct0.1%
Avg Preferential Tariff Pct0%
Tariff Advantage Pp+0.1 pp
Avg Distance All Partners Km7,319
Num Border Partners70
Num Colonial Partners25
Avg Substitution Elasticity-9.2
Pct Products High Elasticity71
Pct Products Low Elasticity3
Real Market Potential113,403.6
Foreign Market Potential25,019.8

Exposure fields

Country Iso3GHA
All History Lane Count3,245
Current Lane Count1,375
Critical Lane Count30
High Attention Lane Count270
High Volatility Lane Count816
Unrecovered Drawdown Lane Count699
Declining Demand Lane Count9
Concentrated Market Lane Count739
Access Friction Lane Count299
Buyer Macro Weakness Lane Count115
Monitored Exports Current Usd$17.3B
Attention Exports Usd$6.4B
Critical Exports Usd$1.5B
High Volatility Exports Usd$6.6B
Unrecovered Drawdown Exports Usd$3.6B
Non Fta Exports Usd$15.8B
Monitored Attention Share Pct36.9%
Monitored Critical Share Pct8.6%
Fta Covered Exports Share Pct8.8%
Export Weighted Volatility Cv0.9
Export Weighted Below Peak Pct23.8%
Export Weighted Distance Km6,543 km
Export Weighted Tariff Pct0.1%
Latest Data Year2,024
First Data Year1,995
Country Years Count30
Total Exports Latest Usd$18.3B
Total Imports Latest Usd$16.9B
Trade Balance Latest Usd$1.4B
Exports Yoy Latest Pct19.6%
Exports Cagr 3y Latest Pct9.6%
Gdp Latest Million Usd82,308.11 million USD
Gdp Per Capita Latest Usd$2.4K
Population Latest34,427,414
Investment Rate Latest Pct23.8%
Savings Rate Latest Pct17.8%
Trade Openness Latest Pct44.2%
Exports Gdp Latest Pct23%
Active Partners Latest270
Fta Partners Latest17
Foreign Market Potential Latest25,019.8
Gdp 5y Cagr Pct3.8%
Gdp Per Capita 5y Cagr Pct1.8%
Population 5y Cagr Pct1.9%
Partner Hhi Latest903.3
Partner Top1 Share Latest Pct20.4%
Partner Top3 Share Latest Pct45.9%
Partner Hhi All Avg969
Partner Hhi All Max2,004.5
Product Hhi Latest2,122.7
Product Top1 Share Latest Pct37.9%
Product Top3 Share Latest Pct70.2%
Product Hhi All Avg1,648.7
Product Hhi All Max2,838.9
Total Exports Attention Share Pct35%
Total Exports Critical Share Pct8.1%
Attention LevelWatch
Primary Risk DriverMarket access exposure
Macro Resilience LabelMacro trend resilient

Annual country history

YearExportsImportsTrade balanceExports YoYExports CAGR 3Y
1995$1.1B$1.3B-$186.5MNot reportedNot reported
1996$1.7B$2.4B-$755.2M+47.3%Not reported
1997$1.7B$2.9B-$1.2B+3.2%Not reported
1998$1.5B$2.7B-$1.2B-13.5%+9.6%
1999$1.7B$2.8B-$1.1B+10.3%-0.5%
2000$2.0B$3.0B-$980.3M+18.5%+4.2%
2001$1.7B$3.1B-$1.4B-15%+3.6%
2002$1.7B$2.8B-$1.1B-0.3%+0.2%
2003$2.4B$3.5B-$1.2B+41.1%+6.2%
2004$2.5B$4.6B-$2.1B+5.3%+14%
2005$3.2B$5.4B-$2.1B+30%+24.5%
2006$3.9B$6.2B-$2.3B+19.5%+17.8%
2007$4.4B$8.0B-$3.7B+13.4%+20.8%
2008$5.6B$10.2B-$4.6B+27.1%+19.9%
2009$6.0B$7.9B-$1.9B+7.4%+15.7%
2010$6.4B$9.5B-$3.1B+7.2%+13.5%
2011$13.4B$14.6B-$1.2B+108.2%+33.8%
2012$12.7B$18.2B-$5.5B-4.9%+28.5%
2013$13.5B$16.2B-$2.7B+6.6%+28.3%
2014$14.2B$18.0B-$3.8B+5%+2.1%
2015$12.3B$16.9B-$4.6B-13.6%-1.1%
2016$10.4B$14.4B-$4.0B-15.5%-8.5%
2017$13.0B$15.2B-$2.2B+25%-3%
2018$15.1B$14.6B$444.2M+16.2%+7.1%
2019$14.9B$15.6B-$741.8M-1.4%+12.7%
2020$13.0B$13.6B-$543.5M-12.3%+0.2%
2021$13.9B$23.4B-$9.5B+6.6%-2.7%
2022$17.3B$21.2B-$3.9B+24.2%+5.1%
2023$15.3B$21.6B-$6.3B-11.3%+5.5%
2024$18.3B$16.9B$1.4B+19.6%+9.6%

Top export sectors

RankHS2SectorExportsShareExport partnersActive HS6
171Precious stones and metals$7.1B38.6%7835
227Mineral fuels$4.9B26.7%6143
318Cocoa and cocoa preparations$2.6B14.2%13511
408Edible fruit and nuts$588.5M3.2%10967
526Ores, slag and ash$455.2M2.5%3020
615Animal and vegetable fats$259.8M1.4%12046
740Rubber$216.6M1.2%10875
844Wood and wood articles$179.4M1%130101
972Iron and steel$173.9M0.9%46151
1076Aluminium$160.2M0.9%8234

Detailed HS4 export lines

RankHS4Parent HS2ExportsShareActive HS6
17108Precious stones and metals (71)$7.0B38.3%3
22709Mineral fuels (27)$4.5B24.4%1
31801Cocoa and cocoa preparations (18)$1.4B7.9%1
41803Cocoa and cocoa preparations (18)$626.4M3.4%2
52602Ores, slag and ash (26)$397.1M2.2%1
60801Edible fruit and nuts (08)$389.3M2.1%7
71804Cocoa and cocoa preparations (18)$376.7M2.1%1
84001Rubber (40)$213.6M1.2%4
92710Mineral fuels (27)$196.7M1.1%5
102716Mineral fuels (27)$180.5M1%1
111604Prepared meat and fish (16)$158.4M0.9%12
121515Animal and vegetable fats (15)$133.1M0.7%7

Top export destinations

RankDestinationISO3ExportsShareYoYCAGR 3Y
1Switzerland, LiechtensteinCHE$3.7B20.4%+18.9%+17.3%
2United Arab EmiratesARE$2.6B14.2%+95.8%+54.9%
3ChinaCHN$2.1B11.4%+34%+14.9%
4IndiaIND$1.2B6.6%-0.1%-4.9%
5USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsUSA$1.1B5.8%-19.9%-6.6%
6NetherlandsNLD$765.4M4.2%+28.2%+3.4%
7Burkina FasoBFA$638.5M3.5%+32.2%+19%
8CanadaCAN$577.1M3.2%+42.4%+11.5%
9ItalyITA$510.5M2.8%-24%+22.2%
10South AfricaZAF$466.9M2.6%+69.1%-6%

Destination risk context

RankDestinationAttentionAttention shareBelow peakApplied tariffPrimary reason
1USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)Critical attention92.1%44.9%2%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
2Malaysia (MYS)Critical attention85.9%44.6%13.4%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
3India (IND)High attention99.2%62.7%51.9%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction
4Turkey (TUR)Critical attention65.3%43.9%9.2%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
5Benin (BEN)Critical attention95.4%61%12.4%Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
6Netherlands (NLD)High attention12.2%27.2%1.4%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
7Germany (DEU)Critical attention27.5%40.8%1.4%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
8Russia (RUS)Critical attention93.8%68.9%9%Current trade remains materially below historical peaks
9United Kingdom (GBR)High attention56.8%50.2%Not reportedBuyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure
10Thailand (THA)Critical attention96%76.7%30.6%Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction

Emerging corridor signals

RankDestinationHS6SignalMarket importsCurrent shareStrength
1Benin (BEN)847432new$3.3M4.6%100
2Bulgaria (BGR)270900new$2.8B1.2%100
3Brazil (BRA)550320new$164.5M1.4%100
4United Arab Emirates (ARE)970600new$39.3M1%100
5Angola (AGO)843890new$12.5M1%100
6Austria (AUT)270900new$1.8B0.3%100
7Austria (AUT)680100new$19.5M1.2%100
8Austria (AUT)680223new$6.9M3.4%100
9Canada (CAN)230400new$563.5M0.1%100
10Angola (AGO)382319new$8.7M1.1%100

Market opportunity signals

RankMarketHS6Buyer importsAddressable 3-year valueCurrent shareSignal
1China (CHN)260111$111.0B$119.1B0%Stable (-2.6%)
2USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA)270900$165.0B$114.8B0.4%Growing (+1.1%)
3China (CHN)270900$291.6B$96.1B0.5%Accelerating (-6.7%)
4China (CHN)854231$158.0B$93.1B0%Declining (+10.5%)
5India (IND)270900$130.1B$72.8B0.1%Growing (-0.5%)
6China (CHN)710812$80.8B$64.9B0%Accelerating (+2.4%)
7China (CHN)120190$47.8B$62.4B0%Stable (-13.5%)
8China (CHN)854239$81.8B$61.4B0%Accelerating (+4%)

How to read this page

Separate reported scale from calculated context.

Reported exports, imports, trade balance, sector rows, destination rows, and annual history describe merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year.

CAGR, shares, concentration measures, tariff context, exposure shares, and momentum are calculated indicators built from the available observations. They help organize research but are not additional reported trade or forecasts.

Coverage runs from 1995 through 2024 for this profile. Missing values are shown as Not reported. Read the full methodology ↗

Reported observations

OECD BIMTS merchandise trade values are the primary series for this view.

Calculated indicators

Growth, share, HHI, tariff, and exposure fields are derived from available reported values.

Coverage limits

Unavailable values remain unavailable. No company sales, shipment records, or forecasts are implied.

Questions about this profile

Ghana export capability, in context

Short answers for readers comparing country export scale, partner breadth, and calculated trade indicators.

What does the Ghana export profile measure?

It combines reported exports, imports, history, destinations, HS2 sectors, partner context, and calculated indicators for Ghana.

What is the latest reported export value for Ghana?

Ghana recorded $18.3B in reported exports in 2024.

Which markets receive the most exports from Ghana?

Switzerland, Liechtenstein leads by reported export value at $3.7B in 2024. Five destination lanes are highlighted.

Which sectors lead Ghana's exports?

Precious stones and metals leads by reported value at $7.1B. Five HS2 chapters are highlighted.

How many years of Ghana trade history are available?

This sample contains 30 observed annual rows covering 1995 through 2024. Missing observations are not estimated.

Are the growth and exposure values forecasts?

No. They are calculated or classified from reported observations, not forecasts or market-access guarantees.

Continue your research

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Data source

OECD trade statistics with CEPII context

OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). OECD BIMTS is the primary trade series for this view. Supporting bilateral trade context uses CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601) under Etalab 2.0 Open Licence. Yugalinks presents derived views of reported observations and calculated indicators. Data terms: OECD Terms & Conditions.