{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Madagascar to Spain trade anomaly | HS 180100 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Madagascar to Spain in cocoa beans (HS 180100), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/mdg-esp-180100",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "MDG-ESP HS 180100",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/mdg-esp-180100"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": "180100",
    "market_imports_usd": 521650903.1317171,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 888.5164414059309,
    "anomaly_z_score": 3.1991820865351737,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "79.97955216337934",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": "180100",
    "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
    "hs_chapter": "18",
    "hs_heading": "1801",
    "price_range_label": "High price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": null,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 521650903.131717,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 199924452.97588828,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 521650903.131717,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 7.4602,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 10.7034,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 82.4374,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 647325938.49,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 747512352.44,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116,
    "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 24.25,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 21.99,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 88.05,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 1440206.01,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 30695.11,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 1.92,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 1.05,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -0.86,
    "exports_latest_usd": 4684278.564256592,
    "exports_avg_usd": 906470.8122203831,
    "exports_peak_usd": 4684278.564256592,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.8979719072917639,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.34366464231399413,
    "share_peak_pct": 1.721915974390549,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.7322450759968845,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.025512,
    "cagr_full_pct": 10.6176,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 94.964,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 888.5164,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 45,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 6340389.42,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 7758267.42,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 29.3583,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 190043803.48,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 219456817.9,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 30.256258387162298,
    "peer_top_exporter": "CIV",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 51,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1500.29,
    "distance_km": 8460.734375,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.024000000208616257,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2211330030453338,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 91.90438815189528,
    "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
    "lane_data_years": 21,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": "180100",
    "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
    "hs_chapter": "18",
    "hs_heading": "1801",
    "price_range_label": "High price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": null,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 521650903.131717,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 199924452.97588828,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 521650903.131717,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 7.4602,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 10.7034,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 82.4374,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 647325938.49,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 747512352.44,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116,
    "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 24.25,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 21.99,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 88.05,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 1440206.01,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 30695.11,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 1.92,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 1.05,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -0.86,
    "exports_latest_usd": 4684278.564256592,
    "exports_avg_usd": 906470.8122203831,
    "exports_peak_usd": 4684278.564256592,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.8979719072917639,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.34366464231399413,
    "share_peak_pct": 1.721915974390549,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.7322450759968845,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.025512,
    "cagr_full_pct": 10.6176,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 94.964,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 888.5164,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 45,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 6340389.42,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 7758267.42,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 29.3583,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 190043803.48,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 219456817.9,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 30.256258387162298,
    "peer_top_exporter": "CIV",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 51,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1500.29,
    "distance_km": 8460.734375,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.024000000208616257,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2211330030453338,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 91.90438815189528,
    "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
    "lane_data_years": 21,
    "lane_last_year": 2024,
    "access_data_year": 2024,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
    "buyer_macro_latest_year": 2024,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.219593086678142,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.4705637441098336,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7239057326687615,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.381999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.082,
    "current_below_peak_usd": 0,
    "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "latest_vs_historical_avg_pct": 416.7599994513381,
    "share_change_all_pp": 0.535752,
    "volatility_label": "Highly volatile",
    "drawdown_label": "Recovered after a severe historical decline",
    "competition_label": "Moderately concentrated buyer market",
    "demand_label": "Buyer demand stable or growing",
    "access_label": "Reported FTA available",
    "macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility"
    ],
    "risk_driver_count": 1,
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 251035.37899416502,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 231286.51207795477,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.866965602752463,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 110855.33489595378,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.07012553391347,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 98540.17088492516,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.109220880156423,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.78060662998355
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 472115.88334550225,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 379.1100716649227,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.852618077672652
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 3545059.524759532,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 650.8875786255212,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 217.41124691207338
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 1253232.4406495064,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.64847961235529,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 133.42073867611188
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 571150.9528230962,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.42577655210643,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.55342925145439
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 455522.81584318355,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.24475953482763,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -49.538262406473486
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 622422.7456199158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.639203124830644,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.8073986840567
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 591420.6624649278,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.980872465403041,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.1692497230070709
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 641178.6346356001,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.413296208368969,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.070068136162227
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 1459798.731771871,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 127.67426313284997,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.862527211055095
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 610414.0754566967,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.185052351991715,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.0592370822381403
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 1043379.5267620387,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.9297948251616,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.621782361570414
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 333573.06038571085,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -68.02955666372893,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -38.86367498821377
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 286994.2589087974,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.963598086444495,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -22.241198786546722
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 589892.9412244967,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 105.54172179867756,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.311782586797996
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 709865.2755223314,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.337984388963303,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.625868725974723
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 473869.56534524733,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.245140777372754,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.193937934376425
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "export_value_usd": 4684278.564256592,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 888.5164414059309,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 99.50624966730797
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 16874886.433583394,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 11554269.754032068,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.52979251441095,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 14222212.58603184,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.090536129024898,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 14648494.309885556,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9972954016478592,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.606809141034541,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 16600191.786463168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.323536435144101,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.838386547418846,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 28241608.659449104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.12820708781855,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.69193773491858,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 22827337.307541914,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.171256911017633,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.936652473120105,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 19036101.455738746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.60831397339796,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.669858018339257,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 12385686.766552486,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.93580187439789,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.023919132118444,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 16105645.111823767,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.034332495126705,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.975893609886766,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 15753807.647637147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1845598965068658,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.113638364487395,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 30123479.06300073,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 91.21395751914511,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.48123187751846,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 37078718.39758206,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.089097112704103,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.04304467236856,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 39377669.55865362,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.200190460794031,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 35.71301240585498,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 31870557.256918777,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.064389502666966,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.8970261892553353,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 48288836.125637144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.51550610290669,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.204535131252234,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 54214258.33814791,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.270791114314905,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.246879276614319,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 55063210.35618167,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5659201915825038,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.99338100451149,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 62340958.360013664,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.217078983871765,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.886886240581049,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 63327769.85588668,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5829264127995346,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.315806469791551,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 66302245.99717819,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.696953876728083,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.387083668591531,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 66858997.65045127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8397176368607262,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.35965081192846,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 71008956.95088768,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.207031882429659,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.889816626909681,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 47073284.610623226,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.70796216147664,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.789613521427865,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 49738124.93709511,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.66104606575617,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.38991958266444,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 38701304.79515251,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.1898597019914,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -18.31590696228409,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 24236770.425105046,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.3747976886278,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -19.850635708445964,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 33077598.90294771,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.47692461816248,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.71327697068565,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 58234399.74017056,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 76.05389046234853,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.591217047839656,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 38771777.53316222,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.4211776782218,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.953616096438196,
      "distance_km": 8440,
      "capital_distance_km": 8440,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 1.104,
      "scientific_collaboration": 787,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "market_imports_usd": 41005734977.72727,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 190549.9620039449,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.6457357341319176,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "66.14339335329794",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "Switzerland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "851762",
      "market_imports_usd": 10689956470.080564,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 8705.663216893558,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.051004561976064,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "76.27511404940161",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "NLD"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "847130",
      "market_imports_usd": 8866258376.020266,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 5396.584502495821,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.241576268148388,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "81.0394067037097",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "NLD"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "847170",
      "market_imports_usd": 8430026073.960695,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 11344.214737217386,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.172903280765478,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "54.322582019136945",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "market_imports_usd": 8083826798.971083,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 2298.248533807806,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.741368146633268,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "93.53420366583171",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "market_imports_usd": 5610472194.533947,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 2255.4932091067526,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.328099605283216,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "83.2024901320804",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs_code": "847170",
      "market_imports_usd": 5284442339.362536,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 2893.175208123048,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.286568592936172,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "57.1642148234043",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "850760",
      "market_imports_usd": 3154424902.4220805,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 18695.686961611013,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.719873971996211,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "92.99684929990526",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Madagascar",
      "importer_name": "France"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/mdg-esp-180100",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/mdg-esp-180100/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/mdg-esp-180100/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/mdg-esp-180100/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:10:19.333Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}