{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Japan to NLD trade anomaly | HS 230400 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Japan to NLD in oil-cake and other solid residues (HS 230400), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-nld-230400",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "JPN-NLD HS 230400",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-nld-230400"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "hs_code": "230400",
    "market_imports_usd": 1209634379.0446322,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 13643.775800222193,
    "anomaly_z_score": 2.8158411677653112,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "70.39602919413278",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "hs_code": "230400",
    "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of soya-bean oil",
    "hs_chapter": "23",
    "hs_heading": "2304",
    "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": null,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1209634379.0446322,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1198293060.278037,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 2506637040.7685113,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 1.9994,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 4.5554,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.6645,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 1283650686.32,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 1335494225.78,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1018007.05695,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 58061,
    "buyer_population_latest": 17533.405,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 22.01,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 30.56,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 95.03,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 1045329.57,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 59056.43,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 1.71,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 2.68,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 0.95,
    "exports_latest_usd": 13682.6006713228,
    "exports_avg_usd": 4154.320227016702,
    "exports_peak_usd": 13682.6006713228,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.001131135234609428,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.0004002077000050888,
    "share_peak_pct": 0.0014424041385210017,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.0011218627611533504,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.000065,
    "cagr_full_pct": 7.1888,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 1692.9952,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 13643.7758,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 66.6667,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 16850.66,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 19360.46,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 66.2973,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 851026297.46,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 885397186.6,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 66.29847405983463,
    "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 63,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 4609.17,
    "distance_km": 9303.376953125,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.10440000146627426,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3417968396862046,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.85969279123627,
    "signal_flag": "Growing",
    "lane_data_years": 10,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "hs_code": "230400"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 2585.7313645351232,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 10863.703625545757,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 320.14045908047734,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 13053.78136182212,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.159586562417296,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 18.315396266891817,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.85969279123627,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -80.79514767617924
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 44.1784921342011,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 141.20958941009215,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -84.03835454427747
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 71.00049605683967,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.71280984683973,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -82.41367818192214
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 972.458803187182,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1269.6507168184812,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 275.8532393069084
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 151.87717081268912,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -84.38214859951704,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 50.92477481861515
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 99.5548884834224,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.45039307046089,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.926709367661159
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "export_value_usd": 13682.6006713228,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13643.775800222193,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 141.41586853220485
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 7938018646.517766,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 7776912409.964398,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.029552256393874,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8043170877.68201,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.423704083081347,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8907690523.457478,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.748492838493773,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.916457942806173,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9770256667.84822,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.683386980264586,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.902851509279074,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10723294415.857605,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.754480157574807,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.061048260484352,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9909000628.152428,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.5936904847170865,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.6147488406582218,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8728104105.975449,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.917412930845295,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.6900150630935658,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9645332562.771534,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.508908299663045,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.4698475425985364,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10845412679.34345,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.442081273629825,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.0557137154637815,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10414536601.04254,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.972887810175929,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.065304789536352,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 11379542035.90574,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.265946933890469,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.666144013947227,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 14263810633.561596,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.346086763027497,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.562809642672686,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 16938559002.223026,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.751990175528288,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.601312896407563,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 11027735297.532484,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.895670310058854,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.0413300522399416,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 13143852836.0816,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.189049079030852,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.6889016489862083,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 14206827607.833603,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.087238840912736,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.69380633767066,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 12665869274.575157,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.846604011783501,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.7248039697752375,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10852695303.587854,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.315432535112127,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.185138721985906,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10375863405.271633,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.393672585266284,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.94474815987967,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8287640886.48718,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.125771101839064,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.184226105886154,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8388116358.637893,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2123531114208497,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.228264360911751,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9244550246.306046,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.210085924549883,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.7751637955373285,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9481289685.382845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5608540466465213,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.5872708709916,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8965735703.862219,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.437593393179907,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.244627105357666,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8317069780.968786,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.234943615547396,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.4627656723762668,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9066176452.784891,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.006858082761537,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.4812445001954555,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9153806035.199554,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9665550066339845,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.6943859307836142,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8852301419.739944,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.293762335581729,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.100675634749316,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 7548025005.514627,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.733755126287074,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.925976072347927,
      "distance_km": 9311,
      "capital_distance_km": 9311,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
      "importer_population": 17533.405,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.004123947367428939,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.005195942053511185,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 5.854270556868688,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.3002385606666666,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.620174566202021
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "market_imports_usd": 19218124265.41434,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 37.19518287614867,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2543681930963015,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "56.35920482740754",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "270900",
      "market_imports_usd": 16502829678.026707,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 586.9522777640686,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.5626732099341254,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "64.06683024835314",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "300439",
      "market_imports_usd": 9313574276.515755,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 86.03453864254212,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.60204147706159,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "90.05103692653975",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "market_imports_usd": 8873525293.492188,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 388.85272402111593,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.28267091834684,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "260600",
      "market_imports_usd": 8801719409.936241,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 19904.029186092743,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.576752421112517,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "940320",
      "market_imports_usd": 6224718406.768477,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 105.96051770229403,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2394966610079714,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.987416525199286",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "870323",
      "market_imports_usd": 4945951960.978633,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 403.30321914861696,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.8785509347429556,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "71.9637733685739",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "KOR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "market_imports_usd": 4647690660.490272,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 257.2647775461858,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.038931939221942,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "50.97329848054854",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-nld-230400",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-nld-230400/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-nld-230400/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-nld-230400/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:36:45.200Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}