{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Japan to Canada trade anomaly | HS 840734 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Japan to Canada in engines (HS 840734), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-can-840734",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "JPN-CAN HS 840734",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-can-840734"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "importer_iso3": "CAN",
    "hs_code": "840734",
    "market_imports_usd": 4647690660.490272,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 257.2647775461858,
    "anomaly_z_score": 2.038931939221942,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "50.97329848054854",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "importer_iso3": "CAN",
    "hs_code": "840734",
    "hs_description": "Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1000cc",
    "hs_chapter": "84",
    "hs_heading": "8407",
    "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
    "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -11.173324,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 4647690660.490271,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 3969455330.4010854,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 5260620115.363535,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 1.7391,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 3.3715,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.4502,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 4894415873.31,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 5066133583.62,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1990761.6096649999,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 52051,
    "buyer_population_latest": 38246.109,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 22.9,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 21.83,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.31,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 2150469.83,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 53725.31,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 3.22,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 8.02,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 4.66,
    "exports_latest_usd": 10862634.381711692,
    "exports_avg_usd": 138778242.81236568,
    "exports_peak_usd": 547089132.8380733,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.23372111388682273,
    "share_avg_pct": 3.9055125447798065,
    "share_peak_pct": 19.407496796864738,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.1718670586025421,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.661165,
    "cagr_full_pct": -12.6413,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 23.4929,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 257.2648,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 7241915.95,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 5526697.47,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 84.5302,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 4137259378.07,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 4282412696.82,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 84.76391808033551,
    "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 30,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 7322.02,
    "distance_km": 10358.4921875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.10199999809265137,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8292692736812967,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.44424052913325,
    "signal_flag": "Declining",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
    "importer_iso3": "CAN",
    "hs_code": "840734",
    "hs_description": "Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1000cc",
    "hs_chapter": "84",
    "hs_heading": "8407",
    "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
    "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -11.173324,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 4647690660.490271,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 3969455330.4010854,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 5260620115.363535,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 1.7391,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 3.3715,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.4502,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 4894415873.31,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 5066133583.62,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1990761.6096649999,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 52051,
    "buyer_population_latest": 38246.109,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 22.9,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 21.83,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.31,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 2150469.83,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 53725.31,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 3.22,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 8.02,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 4.66,
    "exports_latest_usd": 10862634.381711692,
    "exports_avg_usd": 138778242.81236568,
    "exports_peak_usd": 547089132.8380733,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.23372111388682273,
    "share_avg_pct": 3.9055125447798065,
    "share_peak_pct": 19.407496796864738,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.1718670586025421,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.661165,
    "cagr_full_pct": -12.6413,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 23.4929,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 257.2648,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 7241915.95,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 5526697.47,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 84.5302,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 4137259378.07,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 4282412696.82,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 84.76391808033551,
    "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 30,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 7322.02,
    "distance_km": 10358.4921875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.10199999809265137,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8292692736812967,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.44424052913325,
    "signal_flag": "Declining",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024,
    "access_data_year": 2024,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "buyer_macro_latest_year": 2024,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 5.170733773212577,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.2307679188356975,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.8792515966772338,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 23.134000000000004,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.016,
    "current_below_peak_usd": 536226498.45636153,
    "current_below_peak_pct": 98.01446716271609,
    "latest_vs_historical_avg_pct": -92.17266758709543,
    "share_change_all_pp": -19.83495,
    "volatility_label": "Variable",
    "drawdown_label": "Still more than 50% below historical peak",
    "competition_label": "Concentrated buyer market",
    "demand_label": "Buyer demand softened recently",
    "access_label": "Long-distance market without reported FTA",
    "macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_market",
      "dominant_supplier",
      "long_distance_without_fta"
    ],
    "risk_driver_count": 4,
    "attention_level": "Critical attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 547089132.8380733,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 362570424.6919586,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.727357585939885,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 317600836.15759134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.40299414177911,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 156641925.4527399,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.67962435243236,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -34.090202870003914
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 283323387.31069654,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 80.87327929084825,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.892141866754743
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 226605346.66963592,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.018834724315504,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.642809580852319
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 121021921.71848677,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.59352769159389,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.240294579943441
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 112343144.41491663,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.17124400301471,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.533719952678503
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 104148537.78320383,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.2942649721888575,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -22.82777744285298
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 35215084.47242968,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.18763429426768,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -33.73438546638143
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 23943462.693684887,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.00793622281236,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -40.26711913209652
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 144509322.4371022,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 503.5439580558942,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.535785265835653
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 113193889.40750101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.67018189655636,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.581328714439564
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 113221885.34176922,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.024732725781184683,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 67.84734452218343
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 167590301.57582828,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.01935250410616,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.063292304921996
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 251359504.01676393,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.98451679677493,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.464025899167524
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 151348332.84598416,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.788100140470405,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.157926602555634
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 53860439.163160264,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.41292867231647,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -31.502665890043513
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 117297299.9634735,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 117.78006601123874,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -22.43527896747446
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 39985961.87429511,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.91058627372772,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -35.83326099662705
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 61479387.88403814,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.75242960845226,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.508885137933238
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 109004003.49825944,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 77.30170590485024,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.4146079537211596
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 87016735.11917013,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.171064982434707,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.588087053938118
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 138771693.4419363,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.47701698056971,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.176825815860944
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 66006841.35194605,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.43493848436456,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.39770052006898
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 62968261.04604123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.603432377112582,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.221370433945864
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 67565039.39515015,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.300151334571314,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.330380657911043
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 113762047.75359137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.37413072204508,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.89548164970476
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 3040499.669830288,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.327316332758,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -63.58549420382883
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "export_value_usd": 10862634.381711692,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 257.2647775461858,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -45.62436071206418
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 7565959484.523612,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 6812513163.707236,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.958371074515693,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 8121004595.042642,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.207176557195083,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 8542653501.208999,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.192078162641933,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.13009389227359,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 9224618213.711533,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.983054824897429,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.631894317912028,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 10025764935.213766,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.684876738978797,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.276003857518298,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 8549077553.97374,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.728924832991218,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.02506029750601879,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 9022522930.57313,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.537970308613294,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.7356740396922579,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 9122519074.779535,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1082947084297912,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.098071395809854,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 9598555498.668053,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.218256273144828,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.935092719803812,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11082867329.89131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.46390841235672,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.096360757790565,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 12261457119.488152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.63433996379346,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.359341689292023,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 13039047825.060266,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.341747950463605,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.750747461911448,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 13112664136.902346,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.5645834943606376,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.766045723283741,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 9780462253.644438,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.412089019196728,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.258859468765744,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11775150891.490082,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.39462538800121,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.3414666814243987,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11754323274.606411,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.17687770692368376,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.5796068955217475,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 13377879903.697481,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.812421108057649,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.005024543716324,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11809426193.318466,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.724232252567269,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.0969332210675411,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 10924053925.267963,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.497165853421639,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.4122283015265533,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 10819089254.95258,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9608582219884032,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.831778859943871,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11101199318.153246,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.607521359263454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.0403928725115317,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 12710186306.979753,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.493812269413176,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.177463680483463,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 12410272109.500637,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.359636517006991,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.679956490852155,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11861745698.609829,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.41993862866944,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.2334231729368437,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 9719617684.40792,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.05912947917069,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.553780620934381,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 11657950426.159561,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.942479269128953,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.062961634607008,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 12409168009.792707,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.443822079972739,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.5152648092907395,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 14752689066.13806,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.88540033059396,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.923100834349867,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "export_value_usd": 14567828293.47415,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2530649282660122,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.7103746666008055,
      "distance_km": 10367,
      "capital_distance_km": 10346,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1990761.6096649999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 52051.3501037452,
      "importer_population": 38246.109,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 1.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.01017114270769027,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008630031587668612,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 7.429465960505054,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.513050048545457,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.940914850245455,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.572135198300002
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "market_imports_usd": 19218124265.41434,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 37.19518287614867,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2543681930963015,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "56.35920482740754",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "270900",
      "market_imports_usd": 16502829678.026707,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 586.9522777640686,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.5626732099341254,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "64.06683024835314",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "300439",
      "market_imports_usd": 9313574276.515755,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 86.03453864254212,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.60204147706159,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "90.05103692653975",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "market_imports_usd": 8873525293.492188,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 388.85272402111593,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.28267091834684,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "260600",
      "market_imports_usd": 8801719409.936241,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 19904.029186092743,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.576752421112517,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "940320",
      "market_imports_usd": 6224718406.768477,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 105.96051770229403,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2394966610079714,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.987416525199286",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "870323",
      "market_imports_usd": 4945951960.978633,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 403.30321914861696,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.8785509347429556,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "71.9637733685739",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "KOR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "market_imports_usd": 4413994727.41261,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": -20.70143727534033,
      "anomaly_z_score": -2.2615248774279384,
      "anomaly_type": "drop",
      "anomaly_severity": "56.53812193569846",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-can-840734",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-can-840734/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-can-840734/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/jpn-can-840734/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:39:15.221Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}