{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Spain to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands trade anomaly | HS 400122 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Spain to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands in rubber (HS 400122), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-usa-400122",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ESP-USA HS 400122",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-usa-400122"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "hs_code": "400122",
    "market_imports_usd": 1397273784.010034,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 45314.08837460043,
    "anomaly_z_score": 3.1421569262726043,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "78.5539231568151",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "hs_code": "400122",
    "hs_description": "Rubber: technically specified natural rubber (TSNR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip (excluding latex and smoked sheets)",
    "hs_chapter": "40",
    "hs_heading": "4001",
    "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -17.49127,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1397273784.010034,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1332983939.5271416,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 3923254406.7529993,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 0.8405,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 7.3819,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 33.2568,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 1432802395.1,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 1456988612.72,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 22996100,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 69288,
    "buyer_population_latest": 331893.738,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 21.94,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 17.5,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.29,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 25548808.87,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 74535.71,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 7.57,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 11.1,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 3.28,
    "exports_latest_usd": 135150.20051648252,
    "exports_avg_usd": 158529.5448738951,
    "exports_peak_usd": 1005987.7734393016,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.009672420828551952,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.026845768159364847,
    "share_peak_pct": 0.1981550272859226,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.00964145788244229,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.017135,
    "cagr_full_pct": -7.7155,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 4961.293,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 45314.0884,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 45.4545,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 106219.33,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 90461.02,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 46.5349,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 666753831.05,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 678008874.54,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 46.544619133307044,
    "peer_top_exporter": "IDN",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 40,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 3128.7,
    "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.3778761625289917,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7642930654524445,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.97511998044817,
    "signal_flag": "Slowing",
    "lane_data_years": 12,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "hs_code": "400122"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 1005987.7734393016,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 359649.72753460775,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.24909556256073,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 9383.847666367627,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.39083698722818,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 487.00676421137297,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -94.81015909969597,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -92.14799145353899
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 19609.933365846613,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3926.6244345911014,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -62.080250406294546
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 266950.3834340052,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1261.3018384801646,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 205.26934862047764
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 250.28995472071986,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.90624102070915,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -19.899331218840455
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 9529.06456585511,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3707.2101521165287,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.381506559297815
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 94141.3769468587,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 887.9393333548134,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -29.349268021497423
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 917.3389809214838,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.02557301510545,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 54.180272749290296
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 297.5953175624471,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -67.55884969986698,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -68.50860195555116
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "export_value_usd": 135150.20051648252,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45314.08837460043,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.809424258386425
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 3882601655.6286235,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 4324118052.55648,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.371663541321286,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 4613626158.485518,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.695194312696362,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 4760409770.8678665,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.1815237589716494,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.0304046847129875,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 4966708849.987893,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.33364120001829,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.726611866044661,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 5390551284.204726,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.533667807362333,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.324707195707079,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 4898080112.534564,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.135822028318152,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.9548486575112536,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 5625531608.245016,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.851768019245903,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.239332648567706,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 6505996166.307856,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.651224086491556,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.469906732919251,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 7120228242.501986,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.441015034331102,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.280722539913882,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 8206483305.235316,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.25590227921725,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.413435716457322,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 9479372316.209078,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.510773173226621,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.36750603043486,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 10367711752.13849,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.37128964130265,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.343425255990882,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 11253836826.604319,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.54696866242497,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.100114837961627,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 8091108634.665254,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.103554731327772,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.141522387938247,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 8337127421.3698,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.0406066438227297,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.008231248104235,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 11116100069.706545,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.33249580921191,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.4096455742762739,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 11579360056.421495,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.16746866086084,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.691763556615609,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 11321328896.164173,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.228371507579363,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.737230064298453,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 14055249642.39536,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.148408471354266,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.133942814684225,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 13468578850.658428,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.174033237853969,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.166899797489322,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 12918346926.172804,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.08530053977243,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.4968451051429215,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 14964686593.201704,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.840569066023292,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.111899252523086,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 16592889754.655462,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.880302446116264,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.2013081176110605,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 16865195824.6153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.641100941344087,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.293621033286946,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 15254895985.028643,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.548064880672014,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.6422973154505351,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 18432959086.00369,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.83306961970792,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.567702894538738,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 22747775516.636833,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.408159322121126,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.488187314756248,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 22503638424.77811,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.073235014475027,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.83640274309541,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 20545493634.751442,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.701458639997572,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.6829090353337257,
      "distance_km": 5782,
      "capital_distance_km": 6104,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
      "importer_population": 331893.738,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.10658926396332526,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.10678431620704523,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 53809527310.56449,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 6127.196023160054,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.7698405979816183,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "94.24601494954045",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 41743878490.2161,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 149654.34497962898,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.6456153690995605,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "66.14038422748901",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "854231",
      "market_imports_usd": 33072180220.258442,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 44475.90782334113,
      "anomaly_z_score": 5.23759593312072,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "711590",
      "market_imports_usd": 19657187156.543285,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 8168.727466172621,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.17621673969536,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "market_imports_usd": 17631171594.948166,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 99772.22046138588,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2350743438081384,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.87685859520346",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs_code": "847330",
      "market_imports_usd": 17298863873.563595,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 420.43679471280734,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.698698588112852,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.4674647028213",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "711319",
      "market_imports_usd": 6820508517.768291,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 68.72213274022782,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.706473160348138,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.66182900870345",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PAN",
      "hs_code": "890190",
      "market_imports_usd": 5968490208.14909,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 66542.55210038854,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.3439690954108805,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "PAN"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-usa-400122",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-usa-400122/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-usa-400122/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-usa-400122/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:31:44.560Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}