{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Spain to Russian Federation trade anomaly | HS 848180 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Spain to Russian Federation in taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances (HS 848180), with anomaly severity, market value,...",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-rus-848180",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ESP-RUS HS 848180",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-rus-848180"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "RUS",
    "hs_code": "848180",
    "market_imports_usd": 1594000217.8088658,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": -99.58375123081674,
    "anomaly_z_score": -2.5152496419808483,
    "anomaly_type": "drop",
    "anomaly_severity": "62.88124104952121",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "RUS",
    "hs_code": "848180",
    "hs_description": "Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including thermostatically controlled valves",
    "hs_chapter": "84",
    "hs_heading": "8481",
    "price_range_label": "Low price range",
    "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -2.3726273,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1594000217.8088655,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1023491599.3764157,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 2233987982.1197815,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 9.6695,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 11.7324,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.5391,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 2102547701.75,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 2528817637.43,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1775799.919353,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 12380,
    "buyer_population_latest": 143446.06,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 22.51,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 28.23,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.5,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 1879845.25,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 13292.92,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 7.37,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 5.86,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -1.41,
    "exports_latest_usd": 114596.668,
    "exports_avg_usd": 14114113.363742959,
    "exports_peak_usd": 36301439.94013631,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.0071892504605505095,
    "share_avg_pct": 1.3847232892134598,
    "share_peak_pct": 2.162821347008674,
    "share_change_1y_pp": -1.6070229172569468,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.04023,
    "cagr_full_pct": -8.0021,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 14.4526,
    "yoy_latest_pct": -99.5838,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 89228.97,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 75519.97,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 71.7185,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 1507914973.23,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 1813629235.08,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 71.7256559457442,
    "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 53,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 5253.81,
    "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.023562300950288773,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7757161768409061,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.68431922207776,
    "signal_flag": "Slowing",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "RUS",
    "hs_code": "848180"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 1287096.7156206516,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 2617123.353996876,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 103.33540768417481,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 2226080.9229885037,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.941688950624798,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 989104.6894506059,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.56744234963672,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.403890783010981
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 1078787.8399194505,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.067103960315738,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -25.577552249154312
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 1998660.7212275222,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 85.26911847437543,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.528423296046801
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 2869465.1803401094,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.569398741061114,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 42.62190491083011
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 3775636.2069054027,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.579788204918646,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 51.82782358578591
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 4217132.6982274465,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.69330060228193,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.260441285880166
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 5407285.728165498,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.221853925495367,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.51682508960693
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 11210565.078946419,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 107.32333452535659,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 43.72945782398885
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 8927103.049082074,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.36883969526848,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.399823584470106
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 14028614.322080003,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.14632445653789,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 37.40793688176738
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 15935082.507573871,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.589853863850454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.436919230424426
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 9173995.535644578,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.428942358571284,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.9135130887143461
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 12741583.608852573,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.88805111520399,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.1567079522029085
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 20213621.028497573,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.64292578556398,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.25050578875135
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 20860092.631136995,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.198197896992405,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.498026802100764
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 24917644.51067411,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.45126491663118,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.05311832213952
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 22680007.480097625,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.980130644443285,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.912156554429713
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 17454931.51584543,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.038246212384873,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.7675161205289704
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 17824538.136520702,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.1174910960822135,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.56577115918974
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 16905200.977191646,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.157705362617094,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.330953570350008
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 30094630.603817128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.01995163749042,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.91042877083451
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 36301439.94013631,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.624308096780332,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.755998959061777
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 27547368.29814871,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.11494325410699,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.67564634572998
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 30833126.682045776,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.927667094492955,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.8113700106084476
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 31662071.823774137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.688488748729645,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.455617227294084
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 27530812.457381066,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.04797547484251,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.02003719358047995
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "export_value_usd": 114596.668,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.58375123081674,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -84.50999798172393
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 249019314.6508886,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 564612379.4679232,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 126.7343720945818,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 801969456.4652451,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.03894311013894,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 558136351.2727246,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.40428824649227,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.868691004550406,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 344034277.6114242,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.36017366958468,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.221881666846471,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 434484116.0423396,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.290937943420744,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -18.478525684964765,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 581193105.2255352,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.76624915993454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.3584704520695823,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 675341491.9050725,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.199157531815956,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.21044888566091,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 840429900.4977691,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.445174859166197,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.59746229589217,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 980653148.4292299,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.684704797914662,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.050618989931124,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 1280384698.2715027,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.564481470576087,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.767232728357502,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 1889902102.6610763,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.60423997665792,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.01246088960552,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2960023521.1158524,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 56.62311380827567,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 44.51954259875881,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4142842558.186745,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.95978507039026,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.90606555267014,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2138479083.8338933,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.381357635519926,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.205001986881762,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2793342863.5652294,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.6228751397132,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.913396889239638,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3896653069.130063,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.49784396164833,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.0214283379419995,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4574187158.773556,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.387590776582872,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.845614515677287,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4765692251.432533,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.1866475072332765,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.490647944481676,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4139523386.3566413,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.139095687256564,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.0358687563261535,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2410011473.740815,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.78045999972084,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -19.232793913798986,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2302172836.084973,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.474610964754266,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.535963939597956,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2937540433.5231414,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.59860543392829,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.804179634364653,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3104961988.2247796,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.699378731643234,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.81256783345792,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3431541567.549228,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.517989610274302,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.230947626461843,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3084169977.7702746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.122901994366417,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.636917265571669,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3378314252.4019856,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.53722644185666,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.852436876662501,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3264442166.381321,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.370677726019755,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.6502549814660261,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2956476291.451757,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.43395101622978,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.3995950796142465,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "export_value_usd": 815845220.5949998,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -72.40481099226456,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -37.72660026680704,
      "distance_km": 3448,
      "capital_distance_km": 3448,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1775799.919353,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 12379.565666376617,
      "importer_population": 143446.06,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.03434402336150561,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.035090178483383805,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.425769714942529,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 53809527310.56449,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 6127.196023160054,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.7698405979816183,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "94.24601494954045",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 41743878490.2161,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 149654.34497962898,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.6456153690995605,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "66.14038422748901",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "854231",
      "market_imports_usd": 33072180220.258442,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 44475.90782334113,
      "anomaly_z_score": 5.23759593312072,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "711590",
      "market_imports_usd": 19657187156.543285,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 8168.727466172621,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.17621673969536,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "market_imports_usd": 17631171594.948166,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 99772.22046138588,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2350743438081384,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.87685859520346",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs_code": "847330",
      "market_imports_usd": 17298863873.563595,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 420.43679471280734,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.698698588112852,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.4674647028213",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "711319",
      "market_imports_usd": 6820508517.768291,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 68.72213274022782,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.706473160348138,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.66182900870345",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PAN",
      "hs_code": "890190",
      "market_imports_usd": 5968490208.14909,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 66542.55210038854,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.3439690954108805,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "PAN"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-rus-848180",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-rus-848180/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-rus-848180/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-rus-848180/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:29:19.118Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}