{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Spain to Germany trade anomaly | HS 381512 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Spain to Germany in catalysts, supported (HS 381512), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-deu-381512",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ESP-DEU HS 381512",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-deu-381512"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": "381512",
    "market_imports_usd": 3103649744.4909916,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 23951.959008164085,
    "anomaly_z_score": 5.132734672863088,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "100",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": "381512",
    "hs_description": "Catalysts, supported: reaction initiators, reaction accelerators and catalytic preparations, with precious metal or precious metal compounds as the active substance, n.e.c. or included",
    "hs_chapter": "38",
    "hs_heading": "3815",
    "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -23.70134,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 3103649744.4909916,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1307542413.972094,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 3809988290.3034334,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 12.2481,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 15.2035,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.6659,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 4389441312.1,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 5530532412.99,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 4223116.205969,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 50802,
    "buyer_population_latest": 83129.288,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 22.08,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 27.68,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 95.9,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 4391279.94,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 53142.97,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 4.61,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 3.98,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -0.6,
    "exports_latest_usd": 108845.70808937517,
    "exports_avg_usd": 1050117.7275455394,
    "exports_peak_usd": 3509063.6573115634,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.0035070229262363565,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.1898048494186786,
    "share_peak_pct": 1.119779265515895,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.0034945803306803158,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.036252,
    "cagr_full_pct": -7.8018,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 1110.8471,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 23951.959,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 85305.83,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 72514.3,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 48.4857,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 2128252515.99,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 2681518827.98,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 48.489233671605334,
    "peer_top_exporter": "MKD",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 47,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 3290.99,
    "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.2187644988298416,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9765677725561835,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.98710356696982,
    "signal_flag": "Slowing",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": "381512"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 1147782.3607920355,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 98469.70454663083,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -91.42087316286329,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 99935.22309053496,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4882938368217857,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 776825.0384161484,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 677.3285678387832,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.201339596696526
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 288894.3102423426,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -62.81089100431638,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 43.1568447968065
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 54734.01919717438,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -81.05396428498018,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -18.182491306344982
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 3205810.4847249896,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5757.07121776741,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 60.40018933488014
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 1842039.8253913294,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.54058890354685,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 85.43285104159337
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 361238.01416234655,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -80.389239733967,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 87.57661830879253
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 286342.36696265126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.73304698381935,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -55.299135545273394
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 287884.3219486833,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.5385004679496763,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -46.1350410961199
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 2651155.0734724742,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 820.9098486249122,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 94.33330130888092
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 1807902.3011130204,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.806995403515348,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 84.82602171343221
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 903089.9416484055,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.04763581016377,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 46.38761339776485
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 334236.6899423805,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -62.98965645301065,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -49.85745995187798
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 503718.13658758666,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.70701444369359,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -34.68631156688677
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 1069827.898626899,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 112.38621779124229,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.810225012943193
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 3509063.6573115634,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 228.00263124707914,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 118.9671882694959
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 2235488.103794689,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.29388571686991,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 64.33431479930441
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 2265553.6030504024,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.3449187765606219,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.416296555957743
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 2774980.3682497954,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.485752026060513,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.525308869486935
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 1278971.481857702,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.910611531123706,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.98380333475793
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 748492.8453151792,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.47697146241324,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -30.86927623277521
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 1738740.477927498,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 132.29887751236157,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.429326565544297
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 722550.0451204594,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.44405451573158,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.33233125426443
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 33724.86127753319,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -95.33252243145168,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -64.41604856375032
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 22936.019099494595,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.99076814357692,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -76.37195664961357
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 343846.40036230057,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1399.1546652918394,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.92736273887669
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 452.54404455133607,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.8683877324077,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -76.23687455307744
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "381512",
      "export_value_usd": 108845.70808937517,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23951.959008164085,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 68.04712589095425
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 13818210960.964613,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 14749030797.989086,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.736181982269396,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 14300558064.303783,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0406929094381474,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 15013819480.672586,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.9876474271951965,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.804736362681637,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 14847948784.057281,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1047868054416932,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.22306023241209783,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 14473956288.09636,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.518815907841021,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.4025532252578179,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 13599691991.533054,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.040257958235751,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.243690682918754,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 14382932885.030445,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.759254650656964,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.055042941669937,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 18828625840.838375,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.90950219502828,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.163417377163885,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 21011514228.740368,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.593455658178797,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.60486025430845,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 21867547634.25536,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.074115726243455,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.98756457839554,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 23822714415.00583,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.940951282930843,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.15772401012671,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 28165790372.47729,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.2308190486294,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.260899305690208,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 29573315685.729393,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.9972867604222815,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.585956671776952,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 25301273286.83251,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.445598337011479,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.0274528252242074,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 26978879525.96049,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.630521002281142,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.424878272471386,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 30118302394.20332,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.63659471188161,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.6105423345727612,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 29324106882.777428,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6369199068097093,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.041473519027373,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 30379342395.70329,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.5985256674453847,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.0362812287734195,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 31784231666.228626,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.624488747077149,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.8107748426288817,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 28529999709.383213,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.238510689887459,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.9109515717158345,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 30400649717.994938,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.556782431359398,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.02337371502576513,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 32820015810.230484,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.95827100630504,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.0746756008645608,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 36109152222.11832,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.021739266994988,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.169587850154848,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 35151868180.83229,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6510842331536444,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.959523047085002,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 33943316201.748474,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4380874804907813,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.1280953907568225,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 38097111259.72858,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.237446197923752,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.802455023238747,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 38201007902.546486,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.2727152778319253,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.8116044924314965,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 40708224852.40797,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.563221986858481,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.245195080062005,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "export_value_usd": 39389017344.57665,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.2406412036246834,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.1178204598211838,
      "distance_km": 1872,
      "capital_distance_km": 1872,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "importer_population": 83129.288,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.04669314318560709,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.0495837298395036,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 53809527310.56449,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 6127.196023160054,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.7698405979816183,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "94.24601494954045",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 41743878490.2161,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 149654.34497962898,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.6456153690995605,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "66.14038422748901",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "854231",
      "market_imports_usd": 33072180220.258442,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 44475.90782334113,
      "anomaly_z_score": 5.23759593312072,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "711590",
      "market_imports_usd": 19657187156.543285,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 8168.727466172621,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.17621673969536,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "market_imports_usd": 17631171594.948166,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 99772.22046138588,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2350743438081384,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.87685859520346",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs_code": "847330",
      "market_imports_usd": 17298863873.563595,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 420.43679471280734,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.698698588112852,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.4674647028213",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "711319",
      "market_imports_usd": 6820508517.768291,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 68.72213274022782,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.706473160348138,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.66182900870345",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PAN",
      "hs_code": "890190",
      "market_imports_usd": 5968490208.14909,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 66542.55210038854,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.3439690954108805,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "PAN"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-deu-381512",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-deu-381512/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-deu-381512/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-deu-381512/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:03:35.687Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}