{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Spain to Switzerland trade anomaly | HS 300212 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Spain to Switzerland in blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products (HS 300212), with...",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-che-300212",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ESP-CHE HS 300212",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-che-300212"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "hs_code": "300212",
    "market_imports_usd": 5519490698.709835,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 222.76172758581748,
    "anomaly_z_score": 2.119322762032209,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "52.98306905080522",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "hs_code": "300212",
    "hs_description": "Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: antisera and other blood fractions",
    "hs_chapter": "30",
    "hs_heading": "3002",
    "price_range_label": null,
    "trade_type_label": null,
    "substitution_elasticity": null,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 5519490698.709835,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 2245575429.953683,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 5519490698.709835,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 16.3529,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 21.0097,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.0566,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 91.6667,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 8694224499.26,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 11770242567.86,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 812866.928867,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 93457,
    "buyer_population_latest": 8697.723,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 25.33,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 34.49,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 97.36,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 878802.56,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 97723.87,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 4.57,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 8.11,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 3.39,
    "exports_latest_usd": 4657229.122201981,
    "exports_avg_usd": 2361040.916737487,
    "exports_peak_usd": 4657229.122201981,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.08437787789533906,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.13957765395561775,
    "share_peak_pct": 0.26045572646794196,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.05403781091995013,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.013506,
    "cagr_full_pct": 6.4107,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 37.3689,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 222.7617,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 66.6667,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 5611554.91,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 6354093.86,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 37.2285,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 3236729999.82,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 4381885610.13,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 37.31288514837107,
    "peer_top_exporter": "IRL",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 75,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 2668.75,
    "distance_km": 1153.11669921875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.24330174922943115,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 10,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5160702338125559,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 80.97536360881821,
    "signal_flag": "Growing",
    "lane_data_years": 13,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "hs_code": "300212"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 2209556.713918667,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 1124725.905841644,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.09721489579086,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 2181913.0830663666,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 93.99509442557195,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 2875365.4042046177,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.781848989314597,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.176532451612696
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 3622300.6406433927,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.977054441377746,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.6769105194826
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 3660567.670704597,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0564288792552334,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.823862221483356
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 1026799.1213131953,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.94972983205214,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -29.053526171831066
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 2518704.0262753395,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 145.2966674780667,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.407379510862725
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 3657683.746629719,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.22086392336868,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.026268072954227506
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 1019345.7629937744,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -72.13138604634628,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.24254876018864335
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 696409.6892047026,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.68071968442018,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -34.85277977412251
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 1442931.0305893358,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 107.19571438432425,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.65905972941809
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "export_value_usd": 4657229.122201981,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 222.76172758581748,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 65.93399174760978
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1056006462.315057,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1219941010.3783267,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.524009929246073,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1174983229.2259128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.685242218266893,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1277284446.385782,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.706610836247087,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.546784919806958,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1237565923.5095878,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.1096067120039095,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.4792775494575796,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1382916415.3184984,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.744868620551063,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.581563261238398,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1290947686.4561293,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.650346170139853,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.3553060967710575,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 1653112815.321908,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.05420643031504,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.131456633527813,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 2041007531.9480798,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.464503634050992,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.85433173132955,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 2453165904.4731646,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.193868276992212,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.86238137169201,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 3154732186.4863753,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.598403423672124,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.037594345666168,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 3236483492.9096446,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5913865770748945,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.611915604123652,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 3327472071.552269,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8113407295899506,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.695296108805842,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 3579239857.860465,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.566338075701595,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.298029188034613,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 3609747876.020124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8523602600328584,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.705349088558374,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 4573432099.34392,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.696718342176638,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.184079670102442,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 5781076035.38891,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.405638256184737,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.329159476185808,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 6582951517.862844,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.870696001319583,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.174694674381755,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 6477831681.491524,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.59684962111718,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.30415070648434,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 5292089667.707495,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.30461290267751,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.9029197031622433,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 4533161203.570404,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.340808863615774,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.6933311857096,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 4882234167.752121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.7004312996145075,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.995476051337036,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 5064738511.4649935,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.738131712697035,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.4530294837832858,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 5436752416.94535,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.345174970795276,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.246051165417987,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 6394123045.237818,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.609237185576475,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.409271895380368,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 7734976966.08588,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.970098813576897,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.159737322838573,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 9173045141.107887,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.591757691422206,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.04870023275389,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 9140614423.721191,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.35354363668572697,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.650070211989384,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 9593041911.417776,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.949639780477688,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.43994377182704,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "export_value_usd": 7686585029.503721,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.873330060665772,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.722808821539694,
      "distance_km": 1245,
      "capital_distance_km": 1153,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 812866.9288669999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 93457.44039756153,
      "importer_population": 8697.723,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 2.3,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009967350184367956,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008867088400886727,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.2764303815058584,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 2.0929647224547474,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.0929647224547474
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 53809527310.56449,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 6127.196023160054,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.7698405979816183,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "94.24601494954045",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 41743878490.2161,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 149654.34497962898,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.6456153690995605,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "66.14038422748901",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "854231",
      "market_imports_usd": 33072180220.258442,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 44475.90782334113,
      "anomaly_z_score": 5.23759593312072,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "711590",
      "market_imports_usd": 19657187156.543285,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 8168.727466172621,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.17621673969536,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "market_imports_usd": 17631171594.948166,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 99772.22046138588,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.2350743438081384,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.87685859520346",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs_code": "847330",
      "market_imports_usd": 17298863873.563595,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 420.43679471280734,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.698698588112852,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.4674647028213",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "711319",
      "market_imports_usd": 6820508517.768291,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 68.72213274022782,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.706473160348138,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "67.66182900870345",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PAN",
      "hs_code": "890190",
      "market_imports_usd": 5968490208.14909,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 66542.55210038854,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.3439690954108805,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "PAN"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-che-300212",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-che-300212/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-che-300212/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/esp-che-300212/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:06:07.655Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}