{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Germany to Saudi Arabia trade anomaly | HS 870322 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Germany to Saudi Arabia in vehicles (HS 870322), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-sau-870322",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "DEU-SAU HS 870322",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-sau-870322"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "hs_code": "870322",
    "market_imports_usd": 6708276932.492578,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 492.4329767586348,
    "anomaly_z_score": 2.0144498050793205,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "50.361245126983015",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "hs_code": "870322",
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500cc",
    "hs_chapter": "87",
    "hs_heading": "8703",
    "price_range_label": "High price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -10.666825,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 6708276932.4925785,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1276148167.05633,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 6708276932.4925785,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 16.6033,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 20.2805,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.9559,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 10635148300.51,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 14459899076.27,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 833541.2365690001,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 23586,
    "buyer_population_latest": 35340.679,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 26.29,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 44.2,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 77.08,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 921490.46,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 24399.9,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 3.45,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 10.55,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 6.86,
    "exports_latest_usd": 206761265.01065215,
    "exports_avg_usd": 29177888.094159544,
    "exports_peak_usd": 206761265.01065215,
    "share_latest_pct": 3.082181416947353,
    "share_avg_pct": 2.1436051527413165,
    "share_peak_pct": 9.494092217542462,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 2.4945191181382453,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.101647,
    "cagr_full_pct": 29.9038,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 97.7397,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 492.433,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 403830595.72,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 630985305.82,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 22.4096,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 2383290175.71,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 3240400080.61,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 25.49174363807814,
    "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 36,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1644.13,
    "distance_km": 4498.25732421875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.008899999782443047,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.677363806408372,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 95.60460217390208,
    "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "hs_code": "870322",
    "hs_description": "Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500cc",
    "hs_chapter": "87",
    "hs_heading": "8703",
    "price_range_label": "High price range",
    "trade_type_label": "One-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -10.666825,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 6708276932.4925785,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1276148167.05633,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 6708276932.4925785,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 16.6033,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 20.2805,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.9559,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 10635148300.51,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 14459899076.27,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 833541.2365690001,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 23586,
    "buyer_population_latest": 35340.679,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 26.29,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 44.2,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 77.08,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 921490.46,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 24399.9,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 3.45,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 10.55,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 6.86,
    "exports_latest_usd": 206761265.01065215,
    "exports_avg_usd": 29177888.094159544,
    "exports_peak_usd": 206761265.01065215,
    "share_latest_pct": 3.082181416947353,
    "share_avg_pct": 2.1436051527413165,
    "share_peak_pct": 9.494092217542462,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 2.4945191181382453,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.101647,
    "cagr_full_pct": 29.9038,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 97.7397,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 492.433,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 403830595.72,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 630985305.82,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 22.4096,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 2383290175.71,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 3240400080.61,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 25.49174363807814,
    "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 36,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1644.13,
    "distance_km": 4498.25732421875,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.008899999782443047,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.677363806408372,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 95.60460217390208,
    "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024,
    "access_data_year": 2024,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "buyer_macro_latest_year": 2024,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 6.8811275779533165,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.503293336407065,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 3.2635041192047964,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 26.332,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 43.605999999999995,
    "current_below_peak_usd": 0,
    "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "latest_vs_historical_avg_pct": 608.6231338725265,
    "share_change_all_pp": 3.04941,
    "volatility_label": "Highly volatile",
    "drawdown_label": "Recovered after a severe historical decline",
    "competition_label": "Moderately concentrated buyer market",
    "demand_label": "Buyer demand stable or growing",
    "access_label": "Standard market access",
    "macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility"
    ],
    "risk_driver_count": 1,
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 104818.31006834925,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 1014077.6196984871,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 867.4622869203233,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 893016.5100069939,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.938051618522849,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 1883392.0886702018,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 110.9022697302037,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 161.91951794425657
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 921061.9456094163,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -51.09558168210495,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.156038337339695
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 2866144.0891586775,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 211.17821150045523,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.50707250671591
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 4559911.454752688,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.09568091851223,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.27811085578902
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 17347444.774423268,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 280.4338076859461,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 166.0616160894067
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 21908194.616897102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.290614564734717,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 96.98637585324923
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 24424220.924183514,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.484407324672375,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 74.9664458844098
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 46324453.35761213,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 89.66604298827079,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 38.736775522753966
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 6110320.036066452,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.80973094513075,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -34.66401305812843
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 7361149.506736268,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.470768524180993,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -32.953675769259924
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 2541619.9836821537,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.47251239284992,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -62.00147217478311
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 8139713.549708963,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 220.25690708949384,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.030998651014421
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 6978241.879550548,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.269195876063034,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.7648769523784025
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 8296621.5196529515,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.89271915274047,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 48.34180326019437
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 5010752.275298097,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.60490708864231,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.93231708712881
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 2036144.0158322286,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.36450449027446,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -33.673437288437846
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 5262918.898375871,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 158.47478653049842,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.0771910559366
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 12059070.109250082,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 129.13273683490533,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.0099245189045
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 11641362.570746643,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4638453439542527,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 78.81273301964949
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 5521972.660633789,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.565924932964045,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.6145406287949804
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 18459646.947823774,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 234.29442850057595,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.2488295659444
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 61958499.91101615,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 235.64293014997503,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 74.5952240339397
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 64475361.25496463,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.062172821425869,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 126.8644834664872
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 150190706.15016702,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 132.94279121018852,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 101.1283185434074
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 135384176.90995017,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.858485667823313,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.764432419633312
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 34900363.94359753,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.22123859658188,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -18.502292840239686
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "export_value_usd": 206761265.01065215,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 492.4329767586348,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.24368683329906
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2366911339.4627347,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2369820884.2520194,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.12292580380071083,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2113037333.4838858,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.835567889308296,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2231497733.339941,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.606166913328625,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.9446065636818055,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2250451684.776573,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8493825090408302,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.7080260201033481,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2366280373.8335824,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.14690850021553,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.845180079572219,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 2603076714.8937283,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.007112583895328,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.268113267779517,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 3062985033.5929575,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.66787417627087,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.821764432255844,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 3686273518.0202374,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.34905419358668,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.924113890325708,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 3841746942.188903,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.217631258468435,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.853729754649358,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 4984570874.539179,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.747506786564436,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.62355474922881,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 5771007730.750105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.777423493524534,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.114921593211704,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7403821467.86265,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.29339022389967,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.444505944273654,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7859270514.321793,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.151540099070263,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.39066617899183,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7059345844.230233,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.178103281136242,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.947573212708069,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7972071602.5771885,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.929324876368643,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.4955674767612512,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 9365787693.670227,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.482483356552912,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.0198919221669644,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 10680920544.428448,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.041881940661959,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.801635484455677,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 12049871796.504604,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.81679089720642,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.763489565809596,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 11942528538.029694,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8908249007765212,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.438622720856536,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 11512437453.746418,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.6013402263490257,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.530450704737963,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 8292200809.755642,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.97180577031353,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.713196151784533,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7489135339.400787,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.68458782872288,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.405643664899836,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7414918341.517321,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9909955491524736,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.639921260395315,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 6759822247.178073,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.834838957986346,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.5838807080554895,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 6717148368.631023,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6312869922706077,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.5613577457416334,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 6892814231.61357,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.6151850955519196,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.404438485830318,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 7443869538.3624935,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.994634531444844,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.2653193204837283,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 9220882974.826855,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.87217330054483,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.13798616736512,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "export_value_usd": 9714333442.534042,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.351444856792065,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.117174429983457,
      "distance_km": 4169,
      "capital_distance_km": 4169,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 0,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 833541.2365690001,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 23585.886297459085,
      "importer_population": 35340.679,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 10.4,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 5.4,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.008521380500109723,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.008390720711585597,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.878522089917695,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 41743878490.216095,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 717494.6901753871,
      "anomaly_z_score": 5.2611946347028775,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "market_imports_usd": 14247189734.173853,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": -28.10686827530261,
      "anomaly_z_score": -2.0686166086125253,
      "anomaly_type": "drop",
      "anomaly_severity": "51.71541521531313",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "market_imports_usd": 11774935312.631912,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 70.475313268602,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.9137491606860104,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "72.84372901715027",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "market_imports_usd": 9497279344.676392,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 502.8688679511962,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.8015154113824616,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "70.03788528456154",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "SGP"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "270210",
      "market_imports_usd": 9320314035.496738,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 12601.427423769333,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.21205560475301,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.30139011882525",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 8041338934.689743,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 128909.39170234927,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.547144297501554,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "88.67860743753884",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs_code": "841112",
      "market_imports_usd": 6822716040.754617,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 282.77564616174016,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.53632771811287,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "88.40819295282175",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "GBR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "market_imports_usd": 6369195680.142818,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 198.1729127181553,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.6724899474686317,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "91.81224868671579",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "IRL"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-sau-870322",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-sau-870322/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-sau-870322/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-sau-870322/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:01:44.592Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}