{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Germany to Japan trade anomaly | HS 901890 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Germany to Japan in medical, surgical or dental instruments and appliances (HS 901890), with anomaly severity, market value,...",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-jpn-901890",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "DEU-JPN HS 901890",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-jpn-901890"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "hs_code": "901890",
    "market_imports_usd": 2977057388.3605924,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 100.82561471873915,
    "anomaly_z_score": 4.2496861820873875,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "100",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "hs_code": "901890",
    "hs_description": "Medical, surgical or dental instruments and appliances: n.e.c. in heading no. 9018",
    "hs_chapter": "90",
    "hs_heading": "9018",
    "price_range_label": "Low price range",
    "trade_type_label": "Two-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -3.6992178,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2977057388.3605924,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1673546350.7360227,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 2977057388.3605924,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 5.1379,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 6.0652,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 67.1561,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 82.7586,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 3459913130.54,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 3824580917.51,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 4937421.880462,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 39285,
    "buyer_population_latest": 125681.595,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 24.79,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 24.61,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 95.24,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 5212707.45,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 42775.62,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 8.89,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 5.58,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -3.04,
    "exports_latest_usd": 212199365.145849,
    "exports_avg_usd": 142835453.476056,
    "exports_peak_usd": 220722664.97875097,
    "share_latest_pct": 7.127822459032377,
    "share_avg_pct": 8.94684974342336,
    "share_peak_pct": 14.933037692664822,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 1.1950180050950134,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.269145,
    "cagr_full_pct": 2.4905,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 4.6339,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 100.8256,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 228452220.52,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 239973297.53,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 30.8614,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 1067777691.09,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 1180319281.85,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 37.98922419965875,
    "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 74,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1762.94,
    "distance_km": 9298.3408203125,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.06719999760389328,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.3226145612247915,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 52.128388855800914,
    "signal_flag": "Stable",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "hs_code": "901890",
    "hs_description": "Medical, surgical or dental instruments and appliances: n.e.c. in heading no. 9018",
    "hs_chapter": "90",
    "hs_heading": "9018",
    "price_range_label": "Low price range",
    "trade_type_label": "Two-way trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -3.6992178,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2977057388.3605924,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 1673546350.7360227,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 2977057388.3605924,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 5.1379,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 6.0652,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 67.1561,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 82.7586,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 3459913130.54,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 3824580917.51,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 4937421.880462,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 39285,
    "buyer_population_latest": 125681.595,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 24.79,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 24.61,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 95.24,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 5212707.45,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 42775.62,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 8.89,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 5.58,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -3.04,
    "exports_latest_usd": 212199365.145849,
    "exports_avg_usd": 142835453.476056,
    "exports_peak_usd": 220722664.97875097,
    "share_latest_pct": 7.127822459032377,
    "share_avg_pct": 8.94684974342336,
    "share_peak_pct": 14.933037692664822,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 1.1950180050950134,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.269145,
    "cagr_full_pct": 2.4905,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 4.6339,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 100.8256,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 228452220.52,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 239973297.53,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 30.8614,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 1067777691.09,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 1180319281.85,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 37.98922419965875,
    "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 74,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1762.94,
    "distance_km": 9298.3408203125,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.06719999760389328,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 1,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 0,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 0.3226145612247915,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 52.128388855800914,
    "signal_flag": "Stable",
    "lane_data_years": 30,
    "lane_last_year": 2024,
    "access_data_year": 2024,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "buyer_macro_latest_year": 2024,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": -4.67885267787802,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": -4.27363742210356,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.4233058113377264,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.977999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 24.869999999999997,
    "current_below_peak_usd": 8523299.832901984,
    "current_below_peak_pct": 3.861542643897728,
    "latest_vs_historical_avg_pct": 48.56211114379994,
    "share_change_all_pp": -8.07435,
    "volatility_label": "Stable",
    "drawdown_label": "Recovered after a severe historical decline",
    "competition_label": "Moderately concentrated buyer market",
    "demand_label": "Buyer demand stable or growing",
    "access_label": "Reported FTA available",
    "macro_resilience_label": "Buyer economy and income contracted",
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "buyer_macro_weakness"
    ],
    "risk_driver_count": 1,
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 103971620.7085804,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 95608647.84383617,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.043514958937315,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 86518044.51078893,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.508139209222488,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 74587188.77731726,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.790020106133905,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.480741756470946
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 79145330.75229123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.111159368913177,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.104947869594102
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 75323409.69687365,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.8289911976985955,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.513694084161058
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 75989428.08970654,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8842116886545126,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.6227801370735753
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 92154649.67569233,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.272987562036306,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.203612117516876
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 110771334.700843,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.201568874349697,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.718853485725058
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 128383804.91384973,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.899844721174672,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.101991197904233
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 126893783.30718796,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1605993510331203,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.251966876833364
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 133267725.35966924,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.023053049849624,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.356947781980993
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 124884854.0680181,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.290248647245278,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.9168414092010302
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 131751552.9755321,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.498424095346333,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.260126520137228
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 134559342.08864862,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.131124111787863,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.3220250342724551
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 135794941.1815693,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9182558964257348,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.8311296754729876
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 159017298.198569,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.101047222333143,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.470561004204534
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 181577443.60025105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.187227211916674,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.50519131743095
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 188444122.83465233,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.781680751888161,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.540606592770363
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 202204513.1468718,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.302106377864237,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.338335326075619
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 166760083.46051842,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.529000285274655,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.797656549166405
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 171482783.31267324,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8320325548847336,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.0950469386059165
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 175105259.3182306,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.1124429727457317,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.683201120776593
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 199259134.0596303,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.793917347452854,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.114657894003983
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 220722664.97875097,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.771667266554253,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.77826704402751
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 192125267.85848987,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.95625762900886,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.140309874899039
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 197072408.69420943,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.574955856073746,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.3671556890537664
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 203824105.13683856,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.425997828597871,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.620052129815653
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 105663495.88574098,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.15947023792738,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -18.069268994743602
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "901890",
      "export_value_usd": 212199365.145849,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 100.82561471873915,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.4958036881604473
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 13110519427.242168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 13761092964.39102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.96222549197427,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 11788861002.400043,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.331942725003277,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 10318055369.340868,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.47623186633332,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.673582272198387,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 10981104621.610464,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.42610674720534,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.246344722154696,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 12172476191.507708,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.849287125018936,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.0731254716797256,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 11773277498.108221,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.2795191965788617,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.496042283591795,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 11822486307.805315,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.41797035451682785,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.491440429850411,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 13423740188.406528,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.544138169515584,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.3153539903884477,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 15895810609.732151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.415660513607346,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.525316290982033,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 16710687761.54909,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.1263642466778725,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.226435255185187,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 17365683641.125782,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.9196225129872975,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.961427015423972,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 17974010256.948265,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.5030386847646477,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.1807393354498235,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 19252919684.641808,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.115326014678058,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.833662380126369,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 15617994242.120382,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.879866025832083,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.47396705621974,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 17865751291.04821,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.39209807662638,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.20117389034890465,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 21618837423.8694,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.007155376117346,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.9390106915709877,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 22688162944.25857,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.946267458436626,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.255166982474066,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 22626667160.695335,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.2710478751158596,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.193150719407893,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 22753554588.50552,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.5607870876829901,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.7198330964957043,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 19053839855.568874,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.259941797426414,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.653080202941307,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 20636795747.16018,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.307805164682613,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.021850582040797,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 22187236272.467808,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.512990603306147,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.8366206199728721,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 24489516849.618637,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.376599180168,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.725789213148571,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 23605138230.719845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.611253845183815,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.581474515367656,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 20183247649.445164,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.496380185655578,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.106209267292348,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 22227155003.46758,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.126751598762663,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.179373834913879,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 21857195403.708084,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6644487326505697,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.5318711016723117,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 20972947862.508976,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.0455672599655434,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.2875678228791987,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 21694323856.815594,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.4395546064182048,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.805540883845568,
      "distance_km": 8938,
      "capital_distance_km": 8938,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 0,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 1,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
      "importer_population": 125681.595,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 4223116.205968999,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 50801.7848771783,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.009636191534344382,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.009747910345294503,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.9911157261893004,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.055881952930041,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.018795008034722,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.0370869448953193
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 41743878490.216095,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 717494.6901753871,
      "anomaly_z_score": 5.2611946347028775,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "China, Hong Kong SAR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "market_imports_usd": 14247189734.173853,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": -28.10686827530261,
      "anomaly_z_score": -2.0686166086125253,
      "anomaly_type": "drop",
      "anomaly_severity": "51.71541521531313",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "market_imports_usd": 11774935312.631912,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 70.475313268602,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.9137491606860104,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "72.84372901715027",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "market_imports_usd": 9497279344.676392,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 502.8688679511962,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.8015154113824616,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "70.03788528456154",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "SGP"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": "270210",
      "market_imports_usd": 9320314035.496738,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 12601.427423769333,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.21205560475301,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "55.30139011882525",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "CHN"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "market_imports_usd": 8041338934.689743,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 128909.39170234927,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.547144297501554,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "88.67860743753884",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs_code": "841112",
      "market_imports_usd": 6822716040.754617,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 282.77564616174016,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.53632771811287,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "88.40819295282175",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "GBR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "market_imports_usd": 6708276932.492578,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 492.4329767586348,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.0144498050793205,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "50.361245126983015",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-jpn-901890",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-jpn-901890/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-jpn-901890/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/deu-jpn-901890/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:03:58.628Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}