{
  "template": "corridor-anomaly-watch",
  "templateName": "Trade anomaly page",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp"
  },
  "seo": {
    "title": "Cuba to Spain trade anomaly | HS 490199 | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Reported trade anomaly for Cuba to Spain in printed matter (HS 490199), with anomaly severity, market value, history, and context.",
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/cub-esp-490199",
    "robots": "index, follow"
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade data",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Trade anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/"
    },
    {
      "name": "CUB-ESP HS 490199",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/cub-esp-490199"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    "overview",
    "history",
    "context",
    "related-movements",
    "faq",
    "data-source"
  ],
  "anomaly": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": "490199",
    "market_imports_usd": 336582665.24801,
    "momentum_yoy_pct": 11891.944142186163,
    "anomaly_z_score": 5.088018683999676,
    "anomaly_type": "spike",
    "anomaly_severity": "100",
    "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
    "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0
  },
  "opportunity": {
    "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": "490199",
    "hs_description": "Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91",
    "hs_chapter": "49",
    "hs_heading": "4901",
    "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
    "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade",
    "substitution_elasticity": -16.298405,
    "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 336582665.24801004,
    "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 232359482.24485222,
    "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 351612260.4051829,
    "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 3.54,
    "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 4.9017,
    "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.1842,
    "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
    "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 373607960.01,
    "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 400527528.72,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116,
    "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687,
    "buyer_investment_rate": 24.25,
    "buyer_savings_rate": 21.99,
    "buyer_edu_secondary": 88.05,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 1440206.01,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 30695.11,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 1.92,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 1.05,
    "buyer_pop_growth_pct": -0.86,
    "exports_latest_usd": 5008.318385934372,
    "exports_avg_usd": 9603.01011444381,
    "exports_peak_usd": 41655.64183935364,
    "share_latest_pct": 0.0014879905898433615,
    "share_avg_pct": 0.0059442595455731365,
    "share_peak_pct": 0.02935721377504319,
    "share_change_1y_pp": 0.0014724297852012009,
    "share_trend_pp_per_yr": -0.000495,
    "cagr_full_pct": -4.3596,
    "yoy_avg_pct": 468.4917,
    "yoy_latest_pct": 11891.9441,
    "trend_consistency_pct": 33.3333,
    "exports_proj_3y_usd": 4381.43,
    "exports_proj_5y_usd": 4007.73,
    "your_share_gap_pp": 38.5666,
    "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 144087876.98,
    "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 154469838.61,
    "peer_best_share_pct": 38.56808517364211,
    "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
    "num_suppliers_latest": 127,
    "buyer_herfindahl_index": 1935.11,
    "distance_km": 7450.00537109375,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.9801000356674194,
    "has_wto_reported_fta": 0,
    "buyer_is_eu_member": 1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "buyer_is_wto_member": 1,
    "lane_volatility_cv": 1.184897497181441,
    "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 99.89973981484462,
    "signal_flag": "Slowing",
    "lane_data_years": 28,
    "lane_last_year": 2024
  },
  "lane": {
    "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": "490199"
  },
  "routeHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 18242.82083447913,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 17028.599210418575,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.655887458838949,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 41655.64183935364,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 144.62165868504053,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 4753.004063037394,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -88.58977114944595,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -36.1307135514492
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 17719.780050187528,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 272.8122218112254,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.3350767975625066
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 12595.732409021448,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.917106344736222,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -32.88032189309805
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 29949.374801291462,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 137.77398430472218,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 84.70267776776019
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 11746.386839487308,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.7791918281353,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.806925645526357
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 36148.1258837761,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 207.73825498627838,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 42.108739336020086
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 25556.438539077575,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.30079246363434,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.14995884315227
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 11433.651872920198,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.261168900990064,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.8954588234969862
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 5725.785749378954,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.92163647259476,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -45.893459189805284
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 9035.848287658033,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.80975193907847,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -29.28858419971576
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 6609.965754793809,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.84731367366704,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.69493360220864
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 5279.360675096181,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.130287040180505,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.6695465724908662
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 3172.285567344601,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.91155818716994,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -29.454749227871645
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 368.9751726078733,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -88.36879074172606,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -61.782174039741875
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 735.3128902218398,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 99.28519445488281,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -48.16414312335581
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 635.7829301172865,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.535728997559893,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -41.478938369195575
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 226.94969275498013,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.3039027938178,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.955907433933913
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 1645.260380395603,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 624.944969267644,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.79389910330834
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 1257.684442862142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.557118505477437,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.531949985659153
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 930.5137464681028,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.01373486416746,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 60.05321345185528
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 1072.0792369602289,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.213691471991474,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.304328419782374
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 182.63992717346972,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -82.96395258140372,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -47.43766149312537
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 126.19999797302683,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.90229506434087,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -48.62180395805795
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 41.76402363579841,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.90647836244436,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -66.10061526590296
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "export_value_usd": 5008.318385934372,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11891.944142186163,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 201.5542137907
    }
  ],
  "corridorHistory": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 132062389.32040693,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 179458771.63954827,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.889387253284696,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 148078296.41229847,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.486175203672417,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 137354816.10654324,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.241763692295288,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.3183823270195294,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 143660152.8213126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.590546508306237,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.148153569712223,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 141027098.1602799,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.832835765048746,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.6131506240438243,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 149268279.14743543,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.84368613880808,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.8113854088822166,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 144533826.05509323,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.1717744181038454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.20230803670080455,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 156683753.83282045,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.406286686893583,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.571547686442922,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 158235915.10728338,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9906331936105461,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.9637608408204832,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 157009150.94762135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7752754226689307,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.798115978949367,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 162447503.1346404,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.463716703259734,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.2114602750832981,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 214114768.4121597,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.805515185232647,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.606466969329187,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 227355998.30421445,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.1841740251032284,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.134175769469557,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 163173193.58332133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.230090782567828,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.14868649866157657,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 196498274.17040417,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.42313437351828,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.821384895876611,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 221236688.43115798,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.589634369664005,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.9053417668558494,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 318087228.167191,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.77688909684161,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.920143002827388,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 320744847.60418177,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8355002029801328,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.74260751931458,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 254210390.9194522,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.743733588150125,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.7398746430590055,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 197055202.9100885,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.483419266474268,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.752714623771457,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 154466789.1806626,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.612427939219636,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.61641125446132,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 189668251.7432833,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.789016816714856,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.301428382858246,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 151835802.0294651,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.94664334494133,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.322640990387043,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 184722540.23831505,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.659409552476937,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.143871565190762,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 121644426.14918055,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.14749169633326,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.761897738628493,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 140276108.21593732,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.316511127199139,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.605034775063142,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 258051734.1873258,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 83.9598613543568,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.788114202837807,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 181890861.80909166,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.51379986578474,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.350891702722258,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 187603410.1266918,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.1406461329519075,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.175663179077056,
      "distance_km": 7454,
      "capital_distance_km": 7454,
      "shares_land_border": 0,
      "shares_official_language": 1,
      "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
      "shared_religion": 0,
      "shared_legal_system": 1,
      "shared_colonial_history": 0,
      "has_fta": 0,
      "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
      "exporter_is_wto": 1,
      "importer_is_wto": 1,
      "exporter_is_eu": 0,
      "importer_is_eu": 1,
      "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
      "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
      "importer_population": 47326.687,
      "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
      "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
      "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 107352,
      "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9485.488753786394,
      "diplomatic_disagreement": 0.029626495133855603,
      "scientific_collaboration": 0.027410623567997713,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
    }
  ],
  "relatedAnomalies": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "270900",
      "market_imports_usd": 16502829678.026705,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 5613.62994793474,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.833187456073113,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "70.82968640182783",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs_code": "851762",
      "market_imports_usd": 7435969691.574236,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 6831.191507706477,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.7897332770477106,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "69.74333192619277",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "GBR"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "market_imports_usd": 5655694800.069542,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 1568.298136678599,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.132283404553684,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "180400",
      "market_imports_usd": 1876309182.8480074,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 292.2229162090481,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.040091911937791,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "51.00229779844477",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "760200",
      "market_imports_usd": 1704728797.6633174,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 3979.5804045992936,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.583173317091287,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "64.57933292728217",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": "300290",
      "market_imports_usd": 1233146462.2609522,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 4840.247817614238,
      "anomaly_z_score": 2.5600529440506885,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "64.00132360126722",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs_code": "090111",
      "market_imports_usd": 1040024522.3607986,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 3517.280334968907,
      "anomaly_z_score": 4.503748480666063,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "100",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "CUB",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs_code": "090111",
      "market_imports_usd": 831001392.5546477,
      "momentum_yoy_pct": 617.5095123644319,
      "anomaly_z_score": 3.774989273625939,
      "anomaly_type": "spike",
      "anomaly_severity": "94.37473184064848",
      "new_corridor_signal_type": "",
      "new_corridor_signal_strength": 0,
      "exporter_name": "Cuba",
      "importer_name": "France"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/cub-esp-490199",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/cub-esp-490199/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/cub-esp-490199/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/signal/anomaly/cub-esp-490199/index.ld.json",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported trade observations and calculated indicators are shown separately. An unusual movement is a research prompt, not a causal conclusion or commercial forecast.",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-03T09:03:52.803Z",
  "artifactContract": {
    "html": "Full visual page",
    "markdown": "Readable page content and evidence",
    "json": "Complete page data",
    "jsonLd": "Page metadata, FAQ, and provenance"
  }
}