# Machines (HS4 9031) Trade Overview | Yugalinks

> Published by **Yugalinks**, global trade intelligence for growing businesses.
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Machines at HS4 9031, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/9031

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## Answer

The machines subsector recorded $63.6B in reported global trade in 2024, with +4.3% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $63.6B |
| Latest annual change | +4.3% |
| Active exporters | 197 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 6 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $9.5B | 4,242 | 6 |
| 1996 | $10.5B | 4,322 | 6 |
| 1997 | $11.3B | 4,444 | 6 |
| 1998 | $11.3B | 4,603 | 6 |
| 1999 | $11.9B | 4,938 | 6 |
| 2000 | $14.3B | 5,660 | 6 |
| 2001 | $13.9B | 5,851 | 6 |
| 2002 | $13.5B | 6,271 | 6 |
| 2003 | $15.8B | 6,433 | 6 |
| 2004 | $20.6B | 6,789 | 6 |
| 2005 | $21.7B | 7,073 | 6 |
| 2006 | $24.6B | 7,350 | 6 |
| 2007 | $26.8B | 7,599 | 6 |
| 2008 | $28.3B | 7,979 | 6 |
| 2009 | $21.1B | 8,147 | 6 |
| 2010 | $28.0B | 8,248 | 6 |
| 2011 | $33.8B | 8,657 | 6 |
| 2012 | $36.1B | 8,989 | 6 |
| 2013 | $36.3B | 9,138 | 6 |
| 2014 | $38.9B | 9,392 | 6 |
| 2015 | $37.8B | 9,672 | 6 |
| 2016 | $39.6B | 9,942 | 6 |
| 2017 | $44.8B | 10,224 | 6 |
| 2018 | $49.5B | 10,476 | 6 |
| 2019 | $48.4B | 10,541 | 6 |
| 2020 | $47.2B | 10,481 | 6 |
| 2021 | $57.8B | 10,888 | 6 |
| 2022 | $61.0B | 11,078 | 6 |
| 2023 | $61.0B | 11,325 | 6 |
| 2024 | $63.6B | 11,291 | 6 |

## Leading corridors

- USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to China: $2.3B; growth +23.2%.
- Japan to China: $1.9B; growth -5.1%.
- Germany to China: $1.8B; growth -2.7%.
- Singapore to China: $1.4B; growth +18.5%.
- Germany to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands: $1.3B; growth +7.2%.
- Republic of Korea to China: $1.3B; growth +8.3%.
- Japan to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands: $1.1B; growth +8.9%.
- USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Taiwan: $996.8M; growth +1.5%.
- Taiwan to China: $914.5M; growth -6.8%.
- USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Mexico: $906.5M; growth +14%.

## HS6 products

- Machines: for balancing mechanical parts (HS6 903110)
- Test benches (HS6 903120)
- Profile projectors (HS6 903130)
- Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90 (HS6 903140)
- Optical instruments and appliances: for inspecting semiconductor wafers or devices or for inspecting photomasks or reticles used in manufacturing semiconductor devices, n.e.s. in chapter 90 (HS6 903141)
- Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90 (HS6 903149)
- Instruments, appliances and machines: for measuring or checking n.e.c. in chapter 90 (HS6 903180)
- Instruments, appliances and machines: parts and accessories for those measuring or checking devices of heading no. 9031 (HS6 903190)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.