{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Vehicles (HS4 8703) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for vehicles at HS4 8703, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8703",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8703/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8703/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8703/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8703/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8703",
    "name": "Vehicles"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The vehicles subsector recorded $957.4B in reported global trade in 2024, with -1.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 957432485569.2004,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -1.7026076031996438,
    "activeExporters": 193,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 14
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Rapid growth",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 10.114103548480745,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.948249951240324,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 967092491242.673,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 86.20689655172414,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1528.2599279553228,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 948.9502142877255,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3819402710590579
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 204665239507.52646,
      "corridor_count": 6053,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 217931510971.40616,
      "corridor_count": 6150,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 230711608990.84277,
      "corridor_count": 6157,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 247213054578.73056,
      "corridor_count": 6433,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 291827408190.7762,
      "corridor_count": 6869,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 306320901201.35626,
      "corridor_count": 7462,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 311748610789.38965,
      "corridor_count": 7413,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 344516141661.7754,
      "corridor_count": 7570,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 398401700631.4758,
      "corridor_count": 7744,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 460011918172.73676,
      "corridor_count": 8093,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 481504716319.94904,
      "corridor_count": 8447,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 535017848939.7549,
      "corridor_count": 8605,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 621312098604.4578,
      "corridor_count": 8824,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 628419331530.2859,
      "corridor_count": 9084,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 439692383621.9307,
      "corridor_count": 9054,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 549307403152.04663,
      "corridor_count": 8995,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 626614974089.2112,
      "corridor_count": 9200,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 638893500783.6112,
      "corridor_count": 9249,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 658908121033.3964,
      "corridor_count": 9193,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 691551678640.5746,
      "corridor_count": 9381,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 667611375955.406,
      "corridor_count": 9475,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 685431111185.8762,
      "corridor_count": 9447,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 733062923559.1614,
      "corridor_count": 9360,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 753216970671.2301,
      "corridor_count": 9496,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 752024784917.8468,
      "corridor_count": 9507,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 633859745926.5562,
      "corridor_count": 9001,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 717099329541.2133,
      "corridor_count": 9247,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 780215237976.0319,
      "corridor_count": 9137,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 967092491242.673,
      "corridor_count": 9254,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8703,
      "global_trade_usd": 957432485569.2004,
      "corridor_count": 9017,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    }
  ],
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      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 33939148891.262672,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.346157152805178,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "first_data_year": 1995,
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      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 35673269691.32708,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 37258563154.13747,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.00294773974548,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Russia"
    },
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      "hs4": 8703,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
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      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
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      "distance_km": 935,
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      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
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      "importer_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
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      "corridor_rank": 9,
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      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 11028744634.529163,
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      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.017000090483956,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.779791851805059,
      "historical_peak_usd": 15177193198.29935,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 27.3334371485436,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -1.0627582136271907,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.77516615039444,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1184,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
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      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
    },
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      "hs4": 8703,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
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      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14887056863.260859,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 15203774762.000885,
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      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.776250941945015,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.8067116851962624,
      "historical_peak_usd": 18269950342.055767,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 40.05658008640513,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -29.0678376799401,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.806640402707444,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "active_hs6_count": 12,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8415,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29912295578395065,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "China"
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      "export_partner_count": 192,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
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      "export_partner_count": 133,
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      "country_name": "Mexico"
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      "export_partner_count": 189,
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      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 18460967069.49723,
      "export_partner_count": 159,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 3979266489.5765676,
      "trade_balance_usd": 30404122857.9628,
      "export_partner_count": 143,
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      "country_name": "Slovakia"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 5992111489.108284,
      "trade_balance_usd": 28270836638.235275,
      "export_partner_count": 121,
      "import_partner_count": 62,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Czechia"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -154491305488.85016,
      "export_partner_count": 189,
      "import_partner_count": 132,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 100142252443.23396,
      "export_partner_count": 180,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
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      "country_iso3": "GBR",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -14327422998.300987,
      "export_partner_count": 181,
      "import_partner_count": 95,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8703,
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      "imports_usd": 43113361947.40966,
      "trade_balance_usd": -19501690509.335365,
      "export_partner_count": 170,
      "import_partner_count": 110,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
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      "imports_usd": 38952395240.8046,
      "trade_balance_usd": -8171057495.457024,
      "export_partner_count": 169,
      "import_partner_count": 86,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 35465959192.50868,
      "trade_balance_usd": -18580292208.48656,
      "export_partner_count": 154,
      "import_partner_count": 92,
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      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": 55037654881.12384,
      "export_partner_count": 194,
      "import_partner_count": 73,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "BEL",
      "hs4": 8703,
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      "imports_usd": 31457457347.34309,
      "trade_balance_usd": -9389564805.09412,
      "export_partner_count": 165,
      "import_partner_count": 109,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Belgium"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
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      "imports_usd": 23755150520.911343,
      "trade_balance_usd": -23643070502.07744,
      "export_partner_count": 119,
      "import_partner_count": 68,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Australia"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ARE",
      "hs4": 8703,
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      "imports_usd": 23657339177.130142,
      "trade_balance_usd": -16721029888.955948,
      "export_partner_count": 175,
      "import_partner_count": 101,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "870310",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: specially designed for travelling on snow, golf cars and similar vehicles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870321",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity not exceeding 1000cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870323",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870324",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 3000cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870331",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity not exceeding 1500cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870332",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 2500cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870333",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 2500cc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870340",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870350",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870360",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870370",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870380",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with only electric motor for propulsion"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870390",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: for transport of persons (other than those of heading no. 8702) n.e.s. in heading no. 8703, including station wagons and racing cars"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}