{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Railway or tramway maintenance or service vehicles (HS4 8604) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for railway or tramway maintenance or service vehicles at HS4 8604, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8604/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8604/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8604/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8604/index.ld.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8604",
    "name": "Railway or tramway maintenance or service vehicles"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The railway or tramway maintenance or service vehicles subsector recorded $1.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with -8% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1053087723.4225484,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -7.965059198847813,
    "activeExporters": 77,
    "activeImporters": 131,
    "activeHs6Products": 1
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -7.103326025336331,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.3015171069707954,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1313602767.913114,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 51.724137931034484,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1384.5292273788432,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 354.5616455666044,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3625116324851184
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 407950112.43704784,
      "corridor_count": 413,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 403923671.088077,
      "corridor_count": 409,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 422307003.0141126,
      "corridor_count": 374,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 533434651.0991171,
      "corridor_count": 345,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 394333609.4502826,
      "corridor_count": 394,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 368837792.9973435,
      "corridor_count": 394,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 407128359.4159507,
      "corridor_count": 429,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 462366285.6203414,
      "corridor_count": 433,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 693104476.0733159,
      "corridor_count": 414,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 707451405.6553675,
      "corridor_count": 462,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 650322127.6927391,
      "corridor_count": 457,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 648807057.230975,
      "corridor_count": 480,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 800732287.629986,
      "corridor_count": 479,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1047200513.8120996,
      "corridor_count": 538,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1305279456.138139,
      "corridor_count": 531,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1289293204.4260695,
      "corridor_count": 531,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1115331696.4592211,
      "corridor_count": 614,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1112092250.6625888,
      "corridor_count": 655,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1039783603.2984945,
      "corridor_count": 590,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1126030362.9353588,
      "corridor_count": 619,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 978338502.2360189,
      "corridor_count": 652,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 829601024.4480858,
      "corridor_count": 605,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1030594136.1062123,
      "corridor_count": 607,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1165656436.0359583,
      "corridor_count": 672,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 987153756.6374154,
      "corridor_count": 663,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 991655374.1430734,
      "corridor_count": 590,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1313602767.913114,
      "corridor_count": 665,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 945921511.0970696,
      "corridor_count": 664,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1144226001.8375158,
      "corridor_count": 760,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8604,
      "global_trade_usd": 1053087723.4225484,
      "corridor_count": 659,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    }
  ],
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      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "USA",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
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      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 80380082.11362432,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78733138.26923452,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.0955457110204634,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.8657793558320748,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.958155426271413,
      "historical_peak_usd": 102535860.67372718,
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      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -8.029216145515882,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.053701137291876,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
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      "exporter_iso3": "AUT",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 27,
      "exports_latest_usd": 56187055.4495159,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 48895156.80783355,
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      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 32328804.07359044,
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      "exporter_name": "Austria",
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
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      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
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    {
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      "export_partner_count": 13,
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      "active_hs6_count": 1,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 14040210.866744163,
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      "imports_usd": 57008893.049424365,
      "trade_balance_usd": -55807295.71039474,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "exports_usd": 7837746.320600817,
      "imports_usd": 47037329.00880194,
      "trade_balance_usd": -39199582.68820112,
      "export_partner_count": 2,
      "import_partner_count": 9,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Norway"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 45677217.91319164,
      "trade_balance_usd": 77496878.98864266,
      "export_partner_count": 46,
      "import_partner_count": 21,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "exports_usd": 33244685.00751634,
      "imports_usd": 42401718.64133029,
      "trade_balance_usd": -9157033.633813947,
      "export_partner_count": 13,
      "import_partner_count": 12,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8604,
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      "imports_usd": 32467865.593934555,
      "trade_balance_usd": -12975989.636388827,
      "export_partner_count": 47,
      "import_partner_count": 20,
      "active_hs6_count": 1,
      "country_name": "France"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "860400",
      "product_name": "Railway or tramway maintenance or service vehicles: whether or not self-propelled (eg workshops, cranes, ballast tampers, trackliners, testing coaches and track inspection vehicles)"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}