{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Carbon electrodes (HS4 8545) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for carbon electrodes at HS4 8545, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8545",
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    "sameAs": [
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  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8545/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8545/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8545/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8545",
    "name": "Carbon electrodes"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The carbon electrodes subsector recorded $5.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with -10.2% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 5771703441.023284,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -10.247966902324459,
    "activeExporters": 178,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
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  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -5.026095545688181,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -9.091693911146148,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 11434409579.463047,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2106.503747883791,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 556.8205123293687,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.49278998697868004
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      "year": 2002,
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      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
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      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 158,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Germany"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "854511",
      "product_name": "Carbon electrodes: with or without metal, of a kind used for furnaces"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "854519",
      "product_name": "Carbon electrodes: with or without metal, of a kind used for other than furnaces"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "854520",
      "product_name": "Carbon brushes: with or without metal, used for electrical purposes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "854590",
      "product_name": "Carbon: lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon, with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}