{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:58.708Z",
  "title": "HS4 8538 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8538 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8538/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8538",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8538"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8538/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8538",
  "parentHs2": "85",
  "subsectorName": "Electrical apparatus",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8538",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 40530922452.3109,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 41710348186.44645,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 39484589199.83619,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 36459448327.763504,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5822026791421964,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 3.0264301016911466,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 1.7726904098041008,
    "historical_peak_usd": 43201566397.06474,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 6.18182202054437,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -3.791683206432123,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.1904877306619044,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 630.2198596087932,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 437.22050679524466,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.447040914053996,
    "active_corridor_count": 10075,
    "active_exporter_count": 193,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 40530922452.3109,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 12535139492.440214,
    "topFiveSharePct": 15.384656170041744,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 2504215209.7198415,
      "cagr3": 0.5793729925256619,
      "cagr5": 1.5314278612262644,
      "cagr10": 1.3984283774659767,
      "share": 6.178530016597394,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2871418194.8490396,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.788209874406789,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.5822026791421964,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.0264301016911466,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 1.7726904098041008,
    "latestYoyPct": -3.791683206432123,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 43201566397.06474,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.18182202054437,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 630.2198596087932,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 437.22050679524466,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.447040914053996,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Mexico leads the reported HS4 8538 routes with $2.5B in 2024 and +0.6% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $40.5B in latest reported trade, with +0.6% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 2504215209.7198415,
      "cagr3": 0.5793729925256619,
      "cagr5": 1.5314278612262644,
      "cagr10": 1.3984283774659767,
      "share": 6.178530016597394,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2871418194.8490396,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.788209874406789,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1643833609.349086,
      "cagr3": 6.257496489784975,
      "cagr5": 6.448430234927849,
      "cagr10": 4.915317246686901,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1684555095.6284895,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.417343688257979,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "cagr3": 11.24735509826349,
      "cagr5": 14.253882309762368,
      "cagr10": 13.580436906370519,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 841537924.3769503,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr5": -2.9488189482639426,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1048237899.2646606,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CZE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Czechia",
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      "cagr3": -5.446737064060592,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 489240806.4268452,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.466361657528985,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "HUN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Hungary",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 380522508.3613537,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CZE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Czechia",
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr10": -8.109588895541576,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2015,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
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    },
    {
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      "importerIso3": "DEU",
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      "rank": 12,
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      "importerName": "Romania",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 422751099.76195776,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
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      "importerName": "Japan",
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      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 522238264.5917282,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
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      "cagr3": 17.72939854441262,
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      "share": 0.8247975510260451,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 334298055.79492575,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 306799488.55672973,
      "cagr3": 46.71445162473664,
      "cagr5": 34.15322756443542,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 306799488.55672973,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 291329432.06346184,
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