{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Signalling apparatus (HS4 8531) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for signalling apparatus at HS4 8531, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8531",
    "name": "Signalling apparatus"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The signalling apparatus subsector recorded $19.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 19766792465.609184,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.421939764822161,
    "activeExporters": 191,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.223365966505054,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.5151751871188344,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 22849043406.11,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 75.86206896551724,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1204.526899182067,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 599.5917431173923,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.326141094379167
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 6044325125.908294,
      "corridor_count": 3865,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 6427771998.1595745,
      "corridor_count": 3974,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 7225969926.278279,
      "corridor_count": 4092,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 7537606858.364414,
      "corridor_count": 4162,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 8390402691.023768,
      "corridor_count": 4427,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 10037046248.27388,
      "corridor_count": 5329,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 9610863709.275112,
      "corridor_count": 5516,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 11363548115.121675,
      "corridor_count": 5981,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 13981071259.216423,
      "corridor_count": 6045,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 19611018602.600346,
      "corridor_count": 6281,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8531,
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      "corridor_count": 6518,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 22805966791.149307,
      "corridor_count": 7016,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 22849043406.11,
      "corridor_count": 7504,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 21809765954.20591,
      "corridor_count": 7542,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 18326468432.546295,
      "corridor_count": 7648,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 20154017906.2853,
      "corridor_count": 7653,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 19884903147.68106,
      "corridor_count": 7935,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 21454537517.23708,
      "corridor_count": 8096,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 21975235369.247864,
      "corridor_count": 8127,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 20996122461.96126,
      "corridor_count": 8455,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
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      "global_trade_usd": 18762003833.02674,
      "corridor_count": 8447,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2016,
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      "corridor_count": 8502,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 16497373714.941383,
      "corridor_count": 8579,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 17490292631.98284,
      "corridor_count": 8858,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
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      "global_trade_usd": 17458037080.975296,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8531,
      "global_trade_usd": 15408733724.415035,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "853110",
      "product_name": "Signalling apparatus: electric, sound or visual, burglar or fire alarms and similar, other than those of heading no. 8512 or 8530"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "853120",
      "product_name": "Signalling apparatus: electric, sound or visual, indicator panels incorporating liquid crystal devices (LCD) or light emitting diodes (LED), excluding those of heading no. 8512 or 8530"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "853180",
      "product_name": "Signalling apparatus: electric, sound or visual, apparatus n.e.c. in heading no. 8531, excluding those of heading no. 8512 or 8530"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "853190",
      "product_name": "Signalling apparatus: parts of the electric, sound or visual apparatus of heading no. 8531"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}