{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:58.419Z",
  "title": "HS4 8531 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8531 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8531",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8531/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8531",
  "parentHs2": "85",
  "subsectorName": "Signalling apparatus",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8531",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 19766792465.609184,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 19632723938.96481,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 18455828636.596344,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 17978418599.71954,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 3.223365966505054,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 2.5151751871188344,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -0.6015274803787163,
    "historical_peak_usd": 22849043406.11,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 13.489627927603307,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 1.421939764822161,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.8248934468837703,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1204.526899182067,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 599.5917431173923,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.326141094379167,
    "active_corridor_count": 8783,
    "active_exporter_count": 191,
    "active_importer_count": 199,
    "active_hs6_count": 4,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 19766792465.609184,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 6701816997.756528,
    "topFiveSharePct": 14.584878861343501,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 937761006.4424307,
      "cagr3": 13.471022228165118,
      "cagr5": 2.64619197473972,
      "cagr10": 7.015667639551615,
      "share": 4.744123297059821,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 937761006.4424307,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.223365966505054,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.5151751871188344,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -0.6015274803787163,
    "latestYoyPct": 1.421939764822161,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 22849043406.11,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.489627927603307,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1204.526899182067,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 599.5917431173923,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.326141094379167,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Mexico to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8531 routes with $937.8M in 2024 and +13.5% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $19.8B in latest reported trade, with +3.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": 13.471022228165118,
      "cagr5": 2.64619197473972,
      "cagr10": 7.015667639551615,
      "share": 4.744123297059821,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 937761006.4424307,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 601364041.0561635,
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      "cagr5": -8.157074953791055,
      "cagr10": -4.893547282304366,
      "share": 3.042294505304457,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1135709935.330881,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 47.0495042485509,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "VNM",
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      "exporterName": "Viet Nam",
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      "cagr10": 75.82856248118479,
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    },
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      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "France",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
      "distanceKm": 9284,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 452403625.78002656,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.15903770559837718,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 333281932.5945052,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "distanceKm": 8415,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.931808609814546,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "IRL",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Ireland",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
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      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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    },
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
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      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
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      "cagr5": 6.635218420264599,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 244973923.94327843,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 488363212.0665379,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
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    },
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      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
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      "importerName": "Thailand",
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 196011040.36377603,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
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      "importerName": "Japan",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 190221750.412988,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
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      "importerName": "Canada",
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      "cagr3": -4.777161111117579,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "distanceKm": 11441,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 184942613,
      "cagr3": 25.977011955209072,
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