{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Heaters (HS4 8516) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for heaters at HS4 8516, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8516",
    "name": "Heaters"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The heaters subsector recorded $66.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with +5.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 66040990856.71183,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 5.470249340889176,
    "activeExporters": 197,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 14
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.17954521074684537,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 5.724583269306138,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 66397992355.61726,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 79.3103448275862,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3231.220328652627,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 644.676387933886,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4919060739829929
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 12134554364.020329,
      "corridor_count": 5349,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 13003671540.894878,
      "corridor_count": 5415,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 13119653619.74379,
      "corridor_count": 5363,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 12998173375.478983,
      "corridor_count": 5554,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 14083788595.529863,
      "corridor_count": 5883,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 15203462618.993496,
      "corridor_count": 7169,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 15347106037.96774,
      "corridor_count": 7254,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 17121615104.212873,
      "corridor_count": 7612,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 19659777496.67265,
      "corridor_count": 7805,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 22705420516.036415,
      "corridor_count": 8071,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 24796331060.817436,
      "corridor_count": 8275,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 27883935122.090454,
      "corridor_count": 8514,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 31982940625.477486,
      "corridor_count": 9023,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 35102520710.94827,
      "corridor_count": 9069,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 30492037023.134193,
      "corridor_count": 9181,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 34673364624.31985,
      "corridor_count": 9311,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 38802749641.75609,
      "corridor_count": 9534,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 38958251348.337234,
      "corridor_count": 9729,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 40929805184.44776,
      "corridor_count": 9757,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 43215713220.437515,
      "corridor_count": 10168,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 40859415355.535866,
      "corridor_count": 10337,
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    },
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      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 41268746322.274574,
      "corridor_count": 10470,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 44616177531.96265,
      "corridor_count": 10648,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 48763710824.06125,
      "corridor_count": 10921,
      "active_hs6_count": 14
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 49995817116.12707,
      "corridor_count": 10852,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8516,
      "global_trade_usd": 53367925381.418236,
      "corridor_count": 10475,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "importer_name": "Brazil"
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      "corridor_rank": 9,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.217005813340972,
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      "trend_label": "Declining",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 867,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.14177167863838386,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1460026246404041,
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      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Republic of Korea"
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      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Australia"
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      "export_partner_count": 175,
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      "export_partner_count": 129,
      "import_partner_count": 81,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Romania"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 705860894.7076292,
      "export_partner_count": 182,
      "import_partner_count": 91,
      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -258342126.18597412,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -2249006529.192852,
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    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": 806320040.2199821,
      "export_partner_count": 179,
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      "country_name": "Italy"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -1805829266.0936513,
      "export_partner_count": 70,
      "import_partner_count": 54,
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      "country_name": "Russia"
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      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -848871944.0060598,
      "export_partner_count": 171,
      "import_partner_count": 111,
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      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 146,
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      "active_hs6_count": 14,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "851610",
      "product_name": "Heaters: electric, instantaneous or storage water and immersion heaters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851621",
      "product_name": "Heating apparatus: electric storage heating radiators"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851629",
      "product_name": "Heating apparatus: electric soil heating apparatus and space heating apparatus (excluding storage heating radiators)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851631",
      "product_name": "Hair-dressing apparatus: electro-thermic hair dryers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851632",
      "product_name": "Hair-dressing apparatus: electro-thermic, other than hair dryers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851633",
      "product_name": "Hand-drying apparatus: electro-thermic"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851640",
      "product_name": "Smoothing irons: electric"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851650",
      "product_name": "Ovens: microwave, of a kind used for domestic purposes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851660",
      "product_name": "Ovens, cookers, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters: of a kind used for domestic purposes (excluding microwaves)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851671",
      "product_name": "Electro-thermic appliances: coffee or tea makers, of a kind used for domestic purposes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851672",
      "product_name": "Electro-thermic appliances: toasters, of a kind used for domestic purposes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851679",
      "product_name": "Electro-thermic appliances: n.e.c. in heading no. 8516, used for domestic purposes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851680",
      "product_name": "Resistors: electric heating, other than those of heading no. 8545"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851690",
      "product_name": "Electro-thermic appliances: parts, of heating resistors, of water, space and soil heaters, hair-dressing apparatus, hand dryers, smoothing irons and other domestic appliances of heading no. 8516"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}