{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:57.723Z",
  "title": "HS4 8516 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8516 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8516",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8516/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8516",
  "parentHs2": "85",
  "subsectorName": "Heaters",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8516",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 66040990856.71183,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 64610302172.315674,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 62719364850.79651,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 53910069140.394394,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -0.17954521074684537,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 5.724583269306138,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 4.331917570038346,
    "historical_peak_usd": 66397992355.61726,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0.537669116550075,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 5.470249340889176,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.511462780785191,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 3231.220328652627,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 644.676387933886,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.4919060739829929,
    "active_corridor_count": 11010,
    "active_exporter_count": 197,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 14,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 66040990856.71183,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 27774551310.34261,
    "topFiveSharePct": 21.930942605028093,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 7196413473.525587,
      "cagr3": -3.8807394772005344,
      "cagr5": 3.2128688149490436,
      "cagr10": 3.4291286927036646,
      "share": 10.896889008130632,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8103727803.791357,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.196258712456752,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.17954521074684537,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 5.724583269306138,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 4.331917570038346,
    "latestYoyPct": 5.470249340889176,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 66397992355.61726,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.537669116550075,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3231.220328652627,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 644.676387933886,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4919060739829929,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "China to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8516 routes with $7.2B in 2024 and -3.9% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $66.0B in latest reported trade, with -0.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": -3.8807394772005344,
      "cagr5": 3.2128688149490436,
      "cagr10": 3.4291286927036646,
      "share": 10.896889008130632,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8103727803.791357,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.196258712456752,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2382669086.551709,
      "cagr3": 17.538307186027847,
      "cagr5": 15.308811484122709,
      "cagr10": 10.488006274107576,
      "share": 3.607863927604223,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 2382669086.551709,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
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      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
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      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
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    {
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      "importerIso3": "JPN",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
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      "rank": 5,
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
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    {
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      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
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      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 1406852343,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
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      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "France",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
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      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
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      "importerIso3": "AUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Australia",
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    },
    {
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      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
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      "importerName": "Netherlands",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 704265190.4425746,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
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      "exporterName": "China",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03372032864424244,
      "distanceKm": 11441,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 907979279.6180779,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
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      "importerIso3": "VNM",
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      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 694433432.3744612,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Italy",
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      "cagr3": -4.300988641884629,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "distanceKm": 9138,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
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