{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:57.689Z",
  "title": "HS4 8515 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8515 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8515/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8515",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8515"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8515/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8515",
  "parentHs2": "85",
  "subsectorName": "Brazing or soldering machines and apparatus",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8515",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 12270249243.48249,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 12340935775.398172,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 11955781817.952627,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 11509180674.263634,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 0.24988592571082435,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 1.250130673938199,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9765052663737173,
    "historical_peak_usd": 12704436477.985657,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 3.417603254229569,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -5.109085314151995,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.7266193406628929,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1802.423282691884,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 471.35683199709246,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.30960131545563396,
    "active_corridor_count": 7367,
    "active_exporter_count": 195,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 8,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 12270249243.48249,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 4321638277.183967,
    "topFiveSharePct": 12.42625160928575,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 334156297.6024351,
      "cagr3": -3.399301309990199,
      "cagr5": 4.4718522907184255,
      "cagr10": 4.229165587936112,
      "share": 2.723304889506843,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 428768958.24995995,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 22.0661171540241,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.24988592571082435,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.250130673938199,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 0.9765052663737173,
    "latestYoyPct": -5.109085314151995,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 12704436477.985657,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 3.417603254229569,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1802.423282691884,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 471.35683199709246,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.30960131545563396,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Germany to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8515 routes with $334.2M in 2024 and -3.4% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $12.3B in latest reported trade, with +0.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": -3.399301309990199,
      "cagr5": 4.4718522907184255,
      "cagr10": 4.229165587936112,
      "share": 2.723304889506843,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 428768958.24995995,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 22.0661171540241,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 322513115.04830146,
      "cagr3": 8.80720402670432,
      "cagr5": -1.5102780813219918,
      "cagr10": 4.049918844157041,
      "share": 2.6284153536621,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 387319884.6216487,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.732104946445855,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
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      "cagr5": 19.798722032019977,
      "cagr10": 9.303140818582122,
      "share": 2.502152547252274,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 307020354,
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    },
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 371746296.3447209,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr3": -10.17334441077129,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 399927728.68418133,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 482563781.80540967,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2020,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 51.48195541561247,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 197864373.41684404,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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      "cagr3": 7.7704570200621825,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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    },
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    },
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      "rank": 13,
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      "exporterName": "Mexico",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
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      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "cagr3": 11.66535235547288,
      "cagr5": 1.4832989600701563,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.10907427334660494,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13089683355074896,
      "distanceKm": 9743,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 157618206.02477133,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 110915887.15973456,
      "cagr3": 13.144500389265756,
      "cagr5": 18.49229551896454,
      "cagr10": 6.9409688786902235,
      "share": 0.9039415985673562,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 110915887.15973456,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 109479578.50511442,
      "cagr3": -9.293356608897396,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 171776999.24400324,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.26645069657871,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
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