{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Furnaces and ovens (HS4 8514) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for furnaces and ovens at HS4 8514, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8514",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
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    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8514/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8514/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8514/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8514/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8514",
    "name": "Furnaces and ovens"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The furnaces and ovens subsector recorded $7.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with +0.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 7018556907.260474,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 0.5329313789908886,
    "activeExporters": 174,
    "activeImporters": 198,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 6.243255113928159,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.485818143659248,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 7018556907.260474,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1280.385596921454,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 539.7492847312176,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.31699113530783457
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2319147460.51087,
      "corridor_count": 2767,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2615713394.4462466,
      "corridor_count": 2758,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2482020271.3374343,
      "corridor_count": 2758,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2210869207.6343412,
      "corridor_count": 2886,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2283774309.4674706,
      "corridor_count": 3009,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2951883595.5626674,
      "corridor_count": 3435,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2785073341.555944,
      "corridor_count": 3447,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2607947951.502866,
      "corridor_count": 3706,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 2950110389.391846,
      "corridor_count": 3736,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 4080393918.152446,
      "corridor_count": 3885,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8514,
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      "corridor_count": 4023,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5319772641.306875,
      "corridor_count": 4203,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5029924266.591213,
      "corridor_count": 4530,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 6331800896.425846,
      "corridor_count": 4547,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 4676429809.080074,
      "corridor_count": 4402,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5024776279.009451,
      "corridor_count": 4554,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5827810911.133769,
      "corridor_count": 4711,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5602795328.10482,
      "corridor_count": 4864,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5292932133.74668,
      "corridor_count": 4908,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5190536789.25007,
      "corridor_count": 5040,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 4940934549.562548,
      "corridor_count": 5115,
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    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "corridor_count": 5108,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
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    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 4759859338.705664,
      "corridor_count": 5204,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 5430609439.525919,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8514,
      "global_trade_usd": 5635871561.458041,
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      "year": 2020,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2022,
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  ],
  "products": [
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      "hs_code": "851410",
      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: industrial or laboratory electric, resistance heated"
    },
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    },
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      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: electric, for industrial or laboratory use, resistance heated: other than hot isostatic presses, for the manufacture of semiconductor devices on semiconductor wafers"
    },
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      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: electric, for industrial or laboratory use, functioning by induction or dielectric loss"
    },
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      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: industrial or laboratory electric, other than induction dielectric or resistance heated"
    },
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      "hs_code": "851431",
      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851432",
      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, plasma and vacuum arc furnaces"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851439",
      "product_name": "Furnaces and ovens: electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, other than electron beam, plasma or vacuum arc furnaces"
    },
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      "hs_code": "851440",
      "product_name": "Heating equipment: for the heat treatment of materials by induction or dielectric loss, industrial or laboratory, other than furnaces and ovens"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851490",
      "product_name": "Furnaces, ovens and heating equipment: parts of the industrial or laboratory equipment of heading no. 8514"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}