{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Lamps (HS4 8513) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for lamps at HS4 8513, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8513",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8513/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8513/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8513/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8513/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8513",
    "name": "Lamps"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The lamps subsector recorded $3.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 3540388128.4322805,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.3965136687358548,
    "activeExporters": 188,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 2
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.21797494781921056,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.0697029460657,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 3802368464.098379,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 58.62068965517241,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 4681.610896027232,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 615.0238718443645,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4781177224321445
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 831470782.7715942,
      "corridor_count": 2912,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 877544822.1429322,
      "corridor_count": 3028,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 865674609.9769275,
      "corridor_count": 3067,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 826663546.2031965,
      "corridor_count": 3105,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 972582057.795704,
      "corridor_count": 3378,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 1003662042.2948946,
      "corridor_count": 4189,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 897963158.4647181,
      "corridor_count": 4249,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 949277896.735329,
      "corridor_count": 4433,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 1185920110.5128748,
      "corridor_count": 4570,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 1283002557.6734922,
      "corridor_count": 4740,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 1467071209.7897916,
      "corridor_count": 4918,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 1600935914.096971,
      "corridor_count": 5132,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 1900405677.7807977,
      "corridor_count": 5556,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 2146883145.013977,
      "corridor_count": 5525,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 2066816276.5471056,
      "corridor_count": 5502,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 2670193182.0944705,
      "corridor_count": 5380,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3077814054.4446983,
      "corridor_count": 5737,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3200688621.154826,
      "corridor_count": 5822,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3380832386.6852903,
      "corridor_count": 6025,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3543724352.2980895,
      "corridor_count": 6177,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3562013976.0329695,
      "corridor_count": 6318,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3447937056.739856,
      "corridor_count": 6336,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3166131350.3598948,
      "corridor_count": 6290,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3103833772.2300467,
      "corridor_count": 6300,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3043657316.4997783,
      "corridor_count": 6450,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 2925017269.89015,
      "corridor_count": 5972,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3563640902.669554,
      "corridor_count": 6114,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3802368464.098379,
      "corridor_count": 6459,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3484749950.5236216,
      "corridor_count": 6557,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8513,
      "global_trade_usd": 3540388128.4322805,
      "corridor_count": 6562,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 845912898.7411907,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 833857158.8101119,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 832490394.4280493,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 722464933.3784525,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.767995248509215,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.507343820980171,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.060010964372563,
      "historical_peak_usd": 949220365.2440732,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.883401819588965,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 14.528748369658985,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.828006212881778,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11883,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 123001471.20331588,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 141393259.66882694,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 133137195.21520548,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 121954223.33033748,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.7828011679867046,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.257692317157046,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.9878428916349824,
      "historical_peak_usd": 159945832.41693935,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 23.09804554164226,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -12.908507149686155,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.770644059621687,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8415,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.058782636827160485,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 111694529.17410482,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 113146855.96530677,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 113116465.41380164,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 112184194.08247408,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.478297054260591,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.118386993147602,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.5841417769474111,
      "historical_peak_usd": 186709544.4373086,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 40.1773864797745,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 3.234119082819076,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.062438831208002,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1763,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "CAN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 88269592.39638144,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 95383470.62091541,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 89857284.47841513,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 79047492.97461995,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.7879406688892421,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.546292459957946,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.715668091815937,
      "historical_peak_usd": 109572917.89401498,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 19.44214492694199,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -0.04338136824258987,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.503608760705179,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11441,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.052512962910909095,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07513050048545457,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.04141017184121213,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03372032864424244,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 81595992.85141721,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 95118200.96168642,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 93927187.41222484,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 125593160.97941741,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.746092117794944,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.212198076028056,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.186591311296462,
      "historical_peak_usd": 180287209.14025235,
      "historical_peak_year": 2016,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 54.74110823472754,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -18.58182712700056,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.559500806498482,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 4252,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 65512457.24880056,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 49093284.97114024,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 44983537.42454233,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 45737551.121457204,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.665642174630687,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.664827550258169,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.019607843772686,
      "historical_peak_usd": 65512457.24880056,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 72.24143402327188,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.646034330858,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 9284,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019785718721303032,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.05920413126868686,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.01655754645517325,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.042646584813513605,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 63201159.003737874,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 68562383.56149374,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 63086053.993420705,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 58172392.80995333,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.13288786251069995,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.352040064959197,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.4141688497131266,
      "historical_peak_usd": 79956582.97287887,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 20.955652863285078,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 1.0742949753639985,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.5470567122238266,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 9217,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 58269234.26698842,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 58099341.14649805,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 53927502.005641386,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47951093.74918922,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.255358042315094,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.171288774055352,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.946024485354326,
      "historical_peak_usd": 64960617.9789787,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.300677426060844,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 14.100883006310116,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.3093335569607678,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8024,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.059638680392282845,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.07872936858989898,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.10232521854949493,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.023595849959595946,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Australia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "IDN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 50746952.24882814,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 41366948.00499643,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40056983.45853357,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42511920.221668884,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.95801730637298,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.6427700340655234,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.10483496995208341,
      "historical_peak_usd": 52015842.551096536,
      "historical_peak_year": 2016,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 2.4394304504861744,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 42.872759644979496,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 11.062852276325064,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 4425,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Indonesia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8513,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 49495166.051504456,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 51192894.98603076,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 34878136.17575176,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26195895.444105424,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 80.12499657399317,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 37.86097651198978,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.474307836591779,
      "historical_peak_usd": 59793853.15723722,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 17.223655211934187,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -17.223655211934187,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 69.6506887374014,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3797,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.003564984112044444,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Singapore"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 2797355685.6395016,
      "imports_usd": 11962267.456654089,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2785393418.1828475,
      "export_partner_count": 197,
      "import_partner_count": 59,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 111878812.68362984,
      "imports_usd": 182830910.18664512,
      "trade_balance_usd": -70952097.50301528,
      "export_partner_count": 157,
      "import_partner_count": 84,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 101154429.66382855,
      "imports_usd": 927837488.8537041,
      "trade_balance_usd": -826683059.1898756,
      "export_partner_count": 170,
      "import_partner_count": 84,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 56783329.12545173,
      "imports_usd": 115960107.5848199,
      "trade_balance_usd": -59176778.45936817,
      "export_partner_count": 159,
      "import_partner_count": 90,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 36056804.49053611,
      "imports_usd": 69238967.51504618,
      "trade_balance_usd": -33182163.02451007,
      "export_partner_count": 137,
      "import_partner_count": 74,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 30161528.501249634,
      "imports_usd": 82766446.53393948,
      "trade_balance_usd": -52604918.03268985,
      "export_partner_count": 156,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 29424427.74787969,
      "imports_usd": 12597574.2307506,
      "trade_balance_usd": 16826853.517129093,
      "export_partner_count": 145,
      "import_partner_count": 42,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "VNM",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 28517067.50404511,
      "imports_usd": 37763711.18475994,
      "trade_balance_usd": -9246643.680714827,
      "export_partner_count": 71,
      "import_partner_count": 36,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 27290905.495721366,
      "imports_usd": 64609699.6767562,
      "trade_balance_usd": -37318794.18103483,
      "export_partner_count": 121,
      "import_partner_count": 74,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 25094905.344830595,
      "imports_usd": 54281343.099613346,
      "trade_balance_usd": -29186437.75478275,
      "export_partner_count": 129,
      "import_partner_count": 77,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 101154429.66382855,
      "imports_usd": 927837488.8537041,
      "trade_balance_usd": -826683059.1898756,
      "export_partner_count": 170,
      "import_partner_count": 84,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 111878812.68362984,
      "imports_usd": 182830910.18664512,
      "trade_balance_usd": -70952097.50301528,
      "export_partner_count": 157,
      "import_partner_count": 84,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 4494833.58295162,
      "imports_usd": 136915826.572288,
      "trade_balance_usd": -132420992.98933639,
      "export_partner_count": 113,
      "import_partner_count": 44,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 56783329.12545173,
      "imports_usd": 115960107.5848199,
      "trade_balance_usd": -59176778.45936817,
      "export_partner_count": 159,
      "import_partner_count": 90,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 11038008.677165825,
      "imports_usd": 112886531.21834694,
      "trade_balance_usd": -101848522.54118112,
      "export_partner_count": 126,
      "import_partner_count": 68,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IND",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 3376053.553556042,
      "imports_usd": 83983341.52714114,
      "trade_balance_usd": -80607287.9735851,
      "export_partner_count": 136,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 30161528.501249634,
      "imports_usd": 82766446.53393948,
      "trade_balance_usd": -52604918.03268985,
      "export_partner_count": 156,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 36056804.49053611,
      "imports_usd": 69238967.51504618,
      "trade_balance_usd": -33182163.02451007,
      "export_partner_count": 137,
      "import_partner_count": 74,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 24009560.458675962,
      "imports_usd": 68187971.79577085,
      "trade_balance_usd": -44178411.33709489,
      "export_partner_count": 135,
      "import_partner_count": 59,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs4": 8513,
      "exports_usd": 4677838.1689124005,
      "imports_usd": 65798912.44634382,
      "trade_balance_usd": -61121074.27743141,
      "export_partner_count": 109,
      "import_partner_count": 53,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Australia"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "851310",
      "product_name": "Lamps: portable, electric, designed to function by their own source of energy (excluding lighting equipment of heading no. 8512)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "851390",
      "product_name": "Lamps: parts of portable, electric lamps of heading no. 8513, designed to function by their own source of energy"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}