{ "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview", "source": "api", "title": "Lighting or visual signalling equipment (HS4 8512) Trade Overview | Yugalinks", "description": "Review reported global trade for lighting or visual signalling equipment at HS4 8512, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.", "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks", "sameAs": [ "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" ] }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-27", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-27" } ] }, "links": { "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512/index.ld.json", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "internalLinks": { "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app", "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai" }, "subsector": { "hs4": "8512", "name": "Lighting or visual signalling equipment" }, "coverage": { "firstDataYear": 1995, "latestDataYear": 2024, "yearsWithData": 30, "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09" }, "answer": "The lighting or visual signalling equipment subsector recorded $36.2B in reported global trade in 2024, with +2.6% annual change.", "keyFigures": { "latestTradeUsd": 36191671558.15111, "latestAnnualChangePct": 2.5748951633291295, "activeExporters": 195, "activeImporters": 200, "activeHs6Products": 5 }, "growthAndStructure": { "trendLabel": "Stable", "tradeCagr3yPct": 1.9855399932356965, "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.3393701547030243, "historicalPeakUsd": 36271213000.850204, "historicalPeakYear": 2023, "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827, "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1384.4673867548029, "importerConcentrationHhi": 622.8627893446888, "tradeVolatilityCv": 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167, "import_partner_count": 100, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "TWN", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1745218415.5604706, "imports_usd": 190906793.1069476, "trade_balance_usd": 1554311622.453523, "export_partner_count": 167, "import_partner_count": 68, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Taiwan" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "KOR", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1616936187.8416648, "imports_usd": 462039134.59651774, "trade_balance_usd": 1154897053.245147, "export_partner_count": 164, "import_partner_count": 81, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Republic of Korea" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "SVK", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1412958140.8368297, "imports_usd": 990958294.7818226, "trade_balance_usd": 421999846.0550071, "export_partner_count": 123, "import_partner_count": 75, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Slovakia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "JPN", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1271704718.8649664, "imports_usd": 942055245.9789281, "trade_balance_usd": 329649472.8860383, "export_partner_count": 170, "import_partner_count": 63, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Japan" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "POL", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1245049646.8518395, "imports_usd": 824136777.0010775, "trade_balance_usd": 420912869.850762, "export_partner_count": 150, "import_partner_count": 86, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Poland" } ], "importers": [ { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "USA", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1983761162.075533, "imports_usd": 7331203691.521293, "trade_balance_usd": -5347442529.44576, "export_partner_count": 167, "import_partner_count": 100, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "DEU", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 3427204894.964567, "imports_usd": 4757214659.401874, "trade_balance_usd": -1330009764.4373064, "export_partner_count": 171, "import_partner_count": 101, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Germany" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "MEX", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 3783771869.4336805, "imports_usd": 2102100313.2251303, "trade_balance_usd": 1681671556.2085502, "export_partner_count": 137, "import_partner_count": 121, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Mexico" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CHN", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 5988293309.931444, "imports_usd": 1827937810.3283916, "trade_balance_usd": 4160355499.6030526, "export_partner_count": 198, "import_partner_count": 93, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "China" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CAN", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 387802385.4136746, "imports_usd": 1268058129.033088, "trade_balance_usd": -880255743.6194134, "export_partner_count": 137, "import_partner_count": 111, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Canada" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CZE", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 2246856496.213744, "imports_usd": 1180424142.8707097, "trade_balance_usd": 1066432353.3430345, "export_partner_count": 138, "import_partner_count": 92, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Czechia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1058005921.280649, "imports_usd": 1127380306.0380101, "trade_balance_usd": -69374384.75736117, "export_partner_count": 171, "import_partner_count": 104, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "GBR", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 349476774.9870492, "imports_usd": 1070118022.2345177, "trade_balance_usd": -720641247.2474685, "export_partner_count": 164, "import_partner_count": 89, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "United Kingdom" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1027378353.1205761, "imports_usd": 1046638022.187821, "trade_balance_usd": -19259669.067244887, "export_partner_count": 143, "import_partner_count": 81, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Spain" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "SVK", "hs4": 8512, "exports_usd": 1412958140.8368297, "imports_usd": 990958294.7818226, "trade_balance_usd": 421999846.0550071, "export_partner_count": 123, "import_partner_count": 75, "active_hs6_count": 5, "country_name": "Slovakia" } ], "products": [ { "hs_code": "851210", "product_name": "Lighting or visual signalling equipment: electrical, of a kind used on bicycles, excluding articles of heading no. 8539" }, { "hs_code": "851220", "product_name": "Lighting or visual signalling equipment: electrical, of a kind used on motor vehicles (excluding articles of heading no. 8539)" }, { "hs_code": "851230", "product_name": "Sound signalling equipment: electrical, used on cycles or motor vehicles (excluding articles of heading no. 8539)" }, { "hs_code": "851240", "product_name": "Windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters: electrical, of kinds used for cycles or motor vehicles" }, { "hs_code": "851290", "product_name": "Lighting or signalling equipment: electrical, (excluding articles of heading no. 8539), windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters: parts, of those kinds used for cycles or motor vehicles" } ], "methodology": { "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.", "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.", "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed." } }