{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:57.507Z",
  "title": "HS4 8512 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8512 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8512",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8512/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8512",
  "parentHs2": "85",
  "subsectorName": "Lighting or visual signalling equipment",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8512",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 36191671558.15111,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 35586729872.07255,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 33976307724.786762,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 32006976248.55053,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 1.9855399932356965,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 2.3393701547030243,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 3.221344408595317,
    "historical_peak_usd": 36271213000.850204,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0.2192963403160303,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.5748951633291295,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.2358044153596204,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1384.4673867548029,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 622.8627893446888,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.5968234601750931,
    "active_corridor_count": 9359,
    "active_exporter_count": 195,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 5,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 36191671558.15111,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 14516439835.533218,
    "topFiveSharePct": 19.220637704930972,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3212661326.502272,
      "cagr3": 5.844616051717644,
      "cagr5": 6.106232310668647,
      "cagr10": 7.455838155209493,
      "share": 8.87679730774611,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3424327934.2377167,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.181259850118977,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 1.9855399932356965,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.3393701547030243,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 3.221344408595317,
    "latestYoyPct": 2.5748951633291295,
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 36271213000.850204,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0.2192963403160303,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1384.4673867548029,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 622.8627893446888,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5968234601750931,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Mexico to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8512 routes with $3.2B in 2024 and +5.8% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $36.2B in latest reported trade, with +2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": 5.844616051717644,
      "cagr5": 6.106232310668647,
      "cagr10": 7.455838155209493,
      "share": 8.87679730774611,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3424327934.2377167,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.181259850118977,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CZE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Czechia",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 1079699255.7189562,
      "cagr3": 5.21907475055432,
      "cagr5": 4.785649476682297,
      "cagr10": 0.5797913709205682,
      "share": 2.9832809849198187,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.005402134669555556,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.016773889473301586,
      "distanceKm": 280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1079699255.7189562,
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "cagr3": -5.719622165405525,
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      "cagr10": 3.6867091714278155,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1114859234.881168,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12555,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 961214837.9868557,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.835810407988582,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
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      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.534087969290349,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 835498382.1959804,
      "cagr3": -1.721245035382435,
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      "cagr10": 0.16931799827137883,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1212677186.7545245,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.102985087728403,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.188457826397573,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "SVK",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
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      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 610203483.6636857,
      "cagr3": 12.93920380166782,
      "cagr5": 10.554290310149138,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "distanceKm": 11077,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 518780470.1893476,
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      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "cagr3": 10.759512887770462,
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      "cagr10": 9.072848196531535,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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    },
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      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
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      "exporterName": "Spain",
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      "distanceKm": 1872,
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    },
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      "rank": 14,
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
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      "value": 343718697.6052739,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
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    },
    {
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      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 324533247.8841616,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.533585690733206,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": 8.171460222540672,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 287961254.6445849,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "CZE",
      "importerIso3": "SVK",
      "exporterName": "Czechia",
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