{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Electro-mechanical tools (HS4 8508) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for electro-mechanical tools at HS4 8508, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8508",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8508/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8508/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8508/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8508/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8508",
    "name": "Electro-mechanical tools"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The electro-mechanical tools subsector recorded $18.7B in reported global trade in 2024, with +8.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 18689767228.202026,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 8.438229585485967,
    "activeExporters": 186,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 1.5567124855383252,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 8.08417147287306,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 18689767228.202026,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1997.2403657431926,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 535.1097627314816,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.6095769284505496
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2267126761.014613,
      "corridor_count": 4279,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2570899505.1981826,
      "corridor_count": 4402,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2632885693.7709837,
      "corridor_count": 4410,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2512513411.0434217,
      "corridor_count": 4540,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2566306129.0791216,
      "corridor_count": 4916,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2645985442.164005,
      "corridor_count": 5565,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 2738758578.974585,
      "corridor_count": 5666,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 3442238524.668904,
      "corridor_count": 6406,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 4317642037.637822,
      "corridor_count": 6561,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 5283953979.083667,
      "corridor_count": 6728,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 5776538278.139517,
      "corridor_count": 6930,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6204540332.323481,
      "corridor_count": 7161,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 6832592204.288217,
      "corridor_count": 4906,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 7312338809.959488,
      "corridor_count": 5040,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 6152754520.109453,
      "corridor_count": 5149,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 7154060739.553282,
      "corridor_count": 5219,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 7766635192.661059,
      "corridor_count": 5657,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 7856299958.669223,
      "corridor_count": 5852,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 8380007427.482552,
      "corridor_count": 5861,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 9122283707.588125,
      "corridor_count": 6084,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 8961310235.12181,
      "corridor_count": 6344,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 9039199373.615719,
      "corridor_count": 6307,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 10641621253.83105,
      "corridor_count": 6416,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 12350200924.98717,
      "corridor_count": 6507,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 12670489797.66679,
      "corridor_count": 6650,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 14791330208.941513,
      "corridor_count": 6348,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2023,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8508,
      "global_trade_usd": 18689767228.202026,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
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      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "hs4": 8508,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 389754206,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 326566740.21538377,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 317788246.0514263,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 207272400.099907,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.942313147262565,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.752638588571767,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.935255733537645,
      "historical_peak_usd": 389754206,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 4.556362347812359,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.99294258627508,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 6831,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Russia"
    },
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      "hs4": 8508,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
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      "exports_latest_usd": 389529221.5499475,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 303882830.963752,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 283678866.63995683,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 193852537.1349029,
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      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.725085587682443,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.019529270542073,
      "historical_peak_usd": 389529221.5499475,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
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      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 39.20076276682598,
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      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 867,
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      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Republic of Korea"
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      "import_partner_count": 62,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 1821090449.3471467,
      "export_partner_count": 122,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -757985912.5027487,
      "export_partner_count": 172,
      "import_partner_count": 91,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "VNM",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 1082546138.7527437,
      "export_partner_count": 121,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 134,
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      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 278055066.8523288,
      "export_partner_count": 81,
      "import_partner_count": 105,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "PHL",
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      "imports_usd": 68514402.95811632,
      "trade_balance_usd": 332108087.5969068,
      "export_partner_count": 64,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Philippines"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 565391356.7898107,
      "trade_balance_usd": -211331596.01534128,
      "export_partner_count": 148,
      "import_partner_count": 66,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ROU",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 112002559.21192664,
      "export_partner_count": 127,
      "import_partner_count": 54,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Romania"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 569516500.7488494,
      "trade_balance_usd": -320501329.14936,
      "export_partner_count": 113,
      "import_partner_count": 69,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Poland"
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  "importers": [
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      "imports_usd": 3132309727.504423,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2919604592.6271806,
      "export_partner_count": 156,
      "import_partner_count": 87,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8508,
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      "imports_usd": 2678883790.8764453,
      "trade_balance_usd": -757985912.5027487,
      "export_partner_count": 172,
      "import_partner_count": 91,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -148413302.20852685,
      "export_partner_count": 134,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8508,
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      "imports_usd": 885466595.1505187,
      "trade_balance_usd": -688733603.3819118,
      "export_partner_count": 145,
      "import_partner_count": 88,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
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      "imports_usd": 737648667.3151488,
      "trade_balance_usd": -721333133.275654,
      "export_partner_count": 107,
      "import_partner_count": 42,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 8508,
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      "imports_usd": 698951976.6200225,
      "trade_balance_usd": -557079306.345954,
      "export_partner_count": 148,
      "import_partner_count": 80,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs4": 8508,
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      "imports_usd": 588519488.4156151,
      "trade_balance_usd": -493890409.97044444,
      "export_partner_count": 153,
      "import_partner_count": 65,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "hs4": 8508,
      "exports_usd": 249015171.5994894,
      "imports_usd": 569516500.7488494,
      "trade_balance_usd": -320501329.14936,
      "export_partner_count": 113,
      "import_partner_count": 69,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8508,
      "exports_usd": 354059760.7744694,
      "imports_usd": 565391356.7898107,
      "trade_balance_usd": -211331596.01534128,
      "export_partner_count": 148,
      "import_partner_count": 66,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 8508,
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      "imports_usd": 563525896.4266691,
      "trade_balance_usd": -496298566.3090388,
      "export_partner_count": 126,
      "import_partner_count": 59,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "850810",
      "product_name": "Electro-mechanical tools: drills of all kinds, for working in the hand, with self-contained electric motor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850811",
      "product_name": "Vacuum cleaners, with self-contained electric motor, of a power not exceeding 1,500 W and having a dust bag or other receptacle capacity not exceeding 20L"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850819",
      "product_name": "Vacuum cleaners, with self-contained electric motor, n.e.c. in item no. 8508.1"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850820",
      "product_name": "Electro-mechanical tools: saws, for working in the hand, with self-contained electric motor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850860",
      "product_name": "Vacuum cleaners, other than with a self-contained electric motor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850870",
      "product_name": "Parts of vacuum cleaners"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850880",
      "product_name": "Electro-mechanical tools: (other than drills and saws), for working in the hand, with self-contained electric motor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850890",
      "product_name": "Electro-mechanical tools: parts of the tools of heading no. 8508"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}