{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Discharge lamps or tubes (HS4 8504) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for discharge lamps or tubes at HS4 8504, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8504",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8504/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8504/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8504/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8504/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8504",
    "name": "Discharge lamps or tubes"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The discharge lamps or tubes subsector recorded $148.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with +9.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 148031909405.662,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 9.08805507015004,
    "activeExporters": 200,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 11
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 8.287184315986273,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 10.096431623069524,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 148031909405.662,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1105.1621193485937,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 902.7054895664716,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5012738496728198
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 22610476600.522358,
      "corridor_count": 5765,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 25638457043.988144,
      "corridor_count": 5925,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 29188318042.829548,
      "corridor_count": 6115,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 29250560411.760563,
      "corridor_count": 6427,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 31493093178.86687,
      "corridor_count": 7013,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 37162357894.92816,
      "corridor_count": 8289,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 33519187761.63421,
      "corridor_count": 8434,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 31864088441.996895,
      "corridor_count": 8943,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 35236618714.77364,
      "corridor_count": 9074,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 41164116255.37276,
      "corridor_count": 9428,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 44867543535.96638,
      "corridor_count": 9772,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 53329826906.625244,
      "corridor_count": 10188,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 64909052266.66383,
      "corridor_count": 10631,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 74863443903.85007,
      "corridor_count": 10880,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 64243431817.5656,
      "corridor_count": 11158,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 79496259464.06726,
      "corridor_count": 11283,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 85988292290.0286,
      "corridor_count": 11479,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 83931810396.62712,
      "corridor_count": 11815,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 86968393614.06126,
      "corridor_count": 11929,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 87292567747.43608,
      "corridor_count": 12145,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 81404013318.1159,
      "corridor_count": 12305,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 79388864139.34302,
      "corridor_count": 12501,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 83853076398.07019,
      "corridor_count": 12536,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 90619309625.74808,
      "corridor_count": 12823,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 91514334404.71179,
      "corridor_count": 12820,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 95574031009.49911,
      "corridor_count": 12497,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 116580028451.00269,
      "corridor_count": 12794,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 133492993946.2559,
      "corridor_count": 12977,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 147793541390.0855,
      "corridor_count": 13225,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 8504,
      "global_trade_usd": 148031909405.662,
      "corridor_count": 13063,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "MEX",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 6557853677.063531,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5608811098.06397,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4584906559.011778,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3509607207.989595,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.377045229835282,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.47428313838193,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.05968764622709,
      "historical_peak_usd": 6557853677.063531,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 12.88540531759741,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.317357583608192,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 3553365753.3010993,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4052799450.9510627,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4012414310.614267,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4273782332.5008187,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.99751559013082,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.8658703954033018,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.6518913933524346,
      "historical_peak_usd": 5011597899.169182,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 29.09714975556652,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -5.015217443993625,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.345624196778385,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11883,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2848122525.0547667,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3521558398.2365966,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3016999962.2705865,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2256009614.617593,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.793541462044691,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.67219105975905,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.283033485408996,
      "historical_peak_usd": 4155827056.37588,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 31.46676975681242,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -31.46676975681242,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 86.20689655172414,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.489492023364305,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8415,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.058782636827160485,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2596054660.1621785,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2451214000.381571,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2173451850.1892567,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1830597854.7134175,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.822072322939214,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.982840046371578,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.799408161094966,
      "historical_peak_usd": 2596054660.1621785,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 12.425652455755465,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 82.75862068965517,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.022664161844247,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 12928,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "THA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2268912535.3625903,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1817919323.7828948,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1385820891.0368228,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 847945033.0226122,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 41.21013795273425,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 41.318029138647795,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 25.13759064815748,
      "historical_peak_usd": 2268912535.3625903,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 18.435590815533853,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.07254730457677,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 13951,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.023629779354080806,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.009758806859535351,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.036985947777434344,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Thailand",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2188691283.5452113,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1835664948.4054813,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1571536702.017705,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1160820931.2853184,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.903161089290151,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.293383266475626,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.312889619119762,
      "historical_peak_usd": 2188691283.5452113,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 23.05788485860665,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 82.75862068965517,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.5902714701703893,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 4252,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2107408632.661426,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2306885772.4198556,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2203292759.2319927,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1948321821.4843261,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.1273685857643008,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.986578794730211,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.14625877688308,
      "historical_peak_usd": 2473624197.095767,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 14.804818163741581,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -9.925347254714634,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.273627362647381,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1763,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 2033719363.5245574,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1841225368.9724162,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1747631157.1428485,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1201897949.8626277,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.357208605211696,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.718839919419736,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.950264505779629,
      "historical_peak_usd": 2033719363.5245574,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 19.2405810227527,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.593055900567933,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2732,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "THA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1832374489.815101,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1506832703.4720957,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1197146595.8159795,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 857710244.2397165,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 29.34534426625268,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.15141119398923,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.295513304521478,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1832374489.815101,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 21.319917353114604,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 93.10344827586206,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.049830961731203,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2887,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Thailand"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8504,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "first_data_year": 2000,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 25,
      "exports_latest_usd": 1799642062.5228257,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2092139968.7199237,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2398155860.0172358,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2682861577.905139,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -15.816075604935588,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.750489322364285,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.4977521377989955,
      "historical_peak_usd": 4197962367.359647,
      "historical_peak_year": 2013,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 57.13058133832843,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -14.125233463154242,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.318323467136592,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "active_hs6_count": 10,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1163,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "China"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 47598789779.41898,
      "imports_usd": 8794740880.27293,
      "trade_balance_usd": 38804048899.14606,
      "export_partner_count": 199,
      "import_partner_count": 138,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 11178040584.39875,
      "imports_usd": 12084014330.93625,
      "trade_balance_usd": -905973746.5375004,
      "export_partner_count": 187,
      "import_partner_count": 145,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 7143396613.406144,
      "imports_usd": 6138051060.286843,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1005345553.1193008,
      "export_partner_count": 141,
      "import_partner_count": 141,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 6180906697.74754,
      "imports_usd": 29181101793.464066,
      "trade_balance_usd": -23000195095.716526,
      "export_partner_count": 189,
      "import_partner_count": 154,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 5580166556.49222,
      "imports_usd": 3666733993.2681494,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1913432563.2240705,
      "export_partner_count": 171,
      "import_partner_count": 87,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 5274446740.624918,
      "imports_usd": 3473258383.985837,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1801188356.639081,
      "export_partner_count": 184,
      "import_partner_count": 111,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "THA",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 5047603681.290913,
      "imports_usd": 2684271552.60071,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2363332128.6902027,
      "export_partner_count": 155,
      "import_partner_count": 105,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Thailand"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "VNM",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 4085455468.792991,
      "imports_usd": 2932871012.075653,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1152584456.717338,
      "export_partner_count": 147,
      "import_partner_count": 74,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 3929951758.926931,
      "imports_usd": 3295416996.95054,
      "trade_balance_usd": 634534761.9763908,
      "export_partner_count": 168,
      "import_partner_count": 110,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 3175495406.6289616,
      "imports_usd": 2809027124.605685,
      "trade_balance_usd": 366468282.0232763,
      "export_partner_count": 170,
      "import_partner_count": 93,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 6180906697.74754,
      "imports_usd": 29181101793.464066,
      "trade_balance_usd": -23000195095.716526,
      "export_partner_count": 189,
      "import_partner_count": 154,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 11178040584.39875,
      "imports_usd": 12084014330.93625,
      "trade_balance_usd": -905973746.5375004,
      "export_partner_count": 187,
      "import_partner_count": 145,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 47598789779.41898,
      "imports_usd": 8794740880.27293,
      "trade_balance_usd": 38804048899.14606,
      "export_partner_count": 199,
      "import_partner_count": 138,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 7143396613.406144,
      "imports_usd": 6138051060.286843,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1005345553.1193008,
      "export_partner_count": 141,
      "import_partner_count": 141,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 2957287307.438139,
      "imports_usd": 4185710284.3846674,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1228422976.9465284,
      "export_partner_count": 187,
      "import_partner_count": 143,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 2009805065.5418053,
      "imports_usd": 4173512095.0564294,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2163707029.514624,
      "export_partner_count": 188,
      "import_partner_count": 145,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 1533702788.1861627,
      "imports_usd": 4158923074.511468,
      "trade_balance_usd": -2625220286.325305,
      "export_partner_count": 186,
      "import_partner_count": 142,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 5580166556.49222,
      "imports_usd": 3666733993.2681494,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1913432563.2240705,
      "export_partner_count": 171,
      "import_partner_count": 87,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 5274446740.624918,
      "imports_usd": 3473258383.985837,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1801188356.639081,
      "export_partner_count": 184,
      "import_partner_count": 111,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IND",
      "hs4": 8504,
      "exports_usd": 3081478451.05291,
      "imports_usd": 3472375378.7105045,
      "trade_balance_usd": -390896927.6575947,
      "export_partner_count": 187,
      "import_partner_count": 112,
      "active_hs6_count": 11,
      "country_name": "India"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "850410",
      "product_name": "Discharge lamps or tubes: ballasts therefor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850421",
      "product_name": "Electrical transformers: liquid dielectric, having a power handling capacity not exceeding 650kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850422",
      "product_name": "Electrical transformers: liquid dielectric, having a power handling capacity exceeding 650kVA but not exceeding 10,000kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850423",
      "product_name": "Electrical transformers: liquid dielectric, having a power handling capacity exceeding 10,000kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850431",
      "product_name": "Electrical transformers: n.e.c. in item no. 8504.2, having a power handling capacity not exceeding 1kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850432",
      "product_name": "Transformers: n.e.c. in item no. 8504.2, having a power handling capacity exceeding 1kVA but not exceeding 16kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850433",
      "product_name": "Transformers: n.e.s. in item no. 8504.2, having a power handling capacity exceeding 16kVA but not exceeding 500kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850434",
      "product_name": "Transformers: n.e.s. in item no. 8504.2, having a power handling capacity exceeding 500kVA"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850440",
      "product_name": "Electrical static converters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850450",
      "product_name": "Electrical inductors: n.e.c. in heading no. 8504"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "850490",
      "product_name": "Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors: parts thereof"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}