{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the m... (HS4 8486) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the m... at HS4 8486, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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    "sameAs": [
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  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
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    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8486/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8486/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8486/index.json",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8486",
    "name": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the m..."
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the m... subsector recorded $136.2B in reported global trade in 2024, with +8.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 136215044866.74385,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 8.739529952273818,
    "activeExporters": 164,
    "activeImporters": 190,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
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  "growthAndStructure": {
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    "tradeCagr5yPct": 10.706896482364403,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 136215044866.74385,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2120.4803663229773,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2539.298583096352,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.7975024744442559
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      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.19096898705858587,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Republic of Korea",
      "importer_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8486,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "JPN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 3656085563.9285564,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3948891575.5062137,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3682189744.4490156,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3251919929.248362,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.9816067261474437,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.3952401487479023,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.3758827349108733,
      "historical_peak_usd": 4639458575.133441,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 21.195857130303196,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.95553694484334,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.3942760087634296,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 10872,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.022290415014285702,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Japan",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 8486,
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      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
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      "exports_latest_usd": 3569712226.3922687,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6523256959.32827,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6505520717.426728,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4699233581.600145,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -23.932549888080867,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.010852244379842,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.867562811226893,
      "historical_peak_usd": 9298673208.980398,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 61.61052070369845,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -46.73172798428343,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.80011269930776,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 9468,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": null,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Netherlands",
      "importer_name": "Taiwan"
    }
  ],
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    {
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      "trade_balance_usd": 25063184009.69246,
      "export_partner_count": 84,
      "import_partner_count": 56,
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      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 17773602681.090557,
      "export_partner_count": 85,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 11691295073.50203,
      "export_partner_count": 116,
      "import_partner_count": 95,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 4433761408.375032,
      "export_partner_count": 130,
      "import_partner_count": 83,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
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      "imports_usd": 18598838581.011963,
      "trade_balance_usd": -10159718977.038052,
      "export_partner_count": 87,
      "import_partner_count": 64,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 8064476903.857119,
      "imports_usd": 1779299193.8120623,
      "trade_balance_usd": 6285177710.045056,
      "export_partner_count": 99,
      "import_partner_count": 73,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MYS",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 6732274890.290106,
      "imports_usd": 3961340688.477453,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2770934201.8126526,
      "export_partner_count": 83,
      "import_partner_count": 66,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 5992037592.82885,
      "imports_usd": 47011537586.20832,
      "trade_balance_usd": -41019499993.37947,
      "export_partner_count": 163,
      "import_partner_count": 65,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
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      "exports_usd": 5681602150.0459175,
      "imports_usd": 17907025960.11196,
      "trade_balance_usd": -12225423810.066044,
      "export_partner_count": 75,
      "import_partner_count": 62,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUT",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 1884983630.8559961,
      "imports_usd": 710551285.0214422,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1174432345.834554,
      "export_partner_count": 64,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Austria"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 5992037592.82885,
      "imports_usd": 47011537586.20832,
      "trade_balance_usd": -41019499993.37947,
      "export_partner_count": 163,
      "import_partner_count": 65,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 8439119603.97391,
      "imports_usd": 18598838581.011963,
      "trade_balance_usd": -10159718977.038052,
      "export_partner_count": 87,
      "import_partner_count": 64,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 5681602150.0459175,
      "imports_usd": 17907025960.11196,
      "trade_balance_usd": -12225423810.066044,
      "export_partner_count": 75,
      "import_partner_count": 62,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 19329596176.441772,
      "imports_usd": 14895834768.06674,
      "trade_balance_usd": 4433761408.375032,
      "export_partner_count": 130,
      "import_partner_count": 83,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 19983187446.955753,
      "imports_usd": 8291892373.453725,
      "trade_balance_usd": 11691295073.50203,
      "export_partner_count": 116,
      "import_partner_count": 95,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 24214539729.759766,
      "imports_usd": 6440937048.669209,
      "trade_balance_usd": 17773602681.090557,
      "export_partner_count": 85,
      "import_partner_count": 70,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 30490057812.69049,
      "imports_usd": 5426873802.998032,
      "trade_balance_usd": 25063184009.69246,
      "export_partner_count": 84,
      "import_partner_count": 56,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MYS",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 6732274890.290106,
      "imports_usd": 3961340688.477453,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2770934201.8126526,
      "export_partner_count": 83,
      "import_partner_count": 66,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 379891831.5924986,
      "imports_usd": 2148581561.8797884,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1768689730.2872899,
      "export_partner_count": 81,
      "import_partner_count": 38,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs4": 8486,
      "exports_usd": 250261148.10937142,
      "imports_usd": 2139984210.8958125,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1889723062.786441,
      "export_partner_count": 41,
      "import_partner_count": 43,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Ireland"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "848610",
      "product_name": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "848620",
      "product_name": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor devices or of electronic integrated circuits"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "848630",
      "product_name": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of flat panel displays"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "848640",
      "product_name": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture or repair of masks and reticles, assembling semiconductor devices or electronic integrated circuits, or for lifting, handling, loading or unloading items of heading 8486"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "848690",
      "product_name": "Machines and apparatus of heading 8486: parts and accessories"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}