{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:56.429Z",
  "title": "HS4 8479 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8479 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8479",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8479",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Machinery and mechanical appliances",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8479",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 100524322990.6742,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 96568885303.34062,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 91429246236.31923,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 83533537519.48134,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 3.8078278895979922,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 3.942318508375431,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 3.4972858264887607,
    "historical_peak_usd": 100524322990.6742,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 8.125948271872051,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.3105420631092315,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1786.9911372186236,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 525.2430106461553,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.41489321589130873,
    "active_corridor_count": 11286,
    "active_exporter_count": 199,
    "active_importer_count": 199,
    "active_hs6_count": 12,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 100524322990.6742,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 31609893030.301647,
    "topFiveSharePct": 11.744811643080423,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3057663830.7104034,
      "cagr3": 10.670313206725446,
      "cagr5": 8.767922498390469,
      "cagr10": 7.942014011119691,
      "share": 3.041715417465749,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3057663830.7104034,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.8078278895979922,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.942318508375431,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 3.4972858264887607,
    "latestYoyPct": 8.125948271872051,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 100524322990.6742,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1786.9911372186236,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 525.2430106461553,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.41489321589130873,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Germany to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8479 routes with $3.1B in 2024 and +10.7% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $100.5B in latest reported trade, with +3.8% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 3057663830.7104034,
      "cagr3": 10.670313206725446,
      "cagr5": 8.767922498390469,
      "cagr10": 7.942014011119691,
      "share": 3.041715417465749,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3057663830.7104034,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 2634436965.804991,
      "cagr3": -19.274791755018562,
      "cagr5": -5.708440928982094,
      "cagr10": -0.17112558756655627,
      "share": 2.6206960538788127,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5007953521.653754,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 47.394939781009946,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2296599198.5265393,
      "cagr3": 67.09532771121431,
      "cagr5": 42.443962202654426,
      "cagr10": 20.934583999321667,
      "share": 2.284620408475269,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2296599198.5265393,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 1923162158.3334599,
      "cagr3": 18.873754323261306,
      "cagr5": 10.941951801371253,
      "cagr10": 4.83581494028531,
      "share": 1.913131171758177,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1923162158.3334599,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 1894530237.3610797,
      "cagr3": -6.100173964379774,
      "cagr5": -5.2066533198290355,
      "cagr10": -1.5658495494673352,
      "share": 1.884648591502415,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2475211189.310624,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.459854838134884,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1581389223.07095,
      "cagr3": 6.909492613580603,
      "cagr5": 8.458160557193285,
      "cagr10": 5.303620756192107,
      "share": 1.5731408837417966,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1716672155.2554867,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.880533960452278,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1495271331.1485214,
      "cagr3": 10.062788616735464,
      "cagr5": 7.642789134777339,
      "cagr10": 10.348774373067894,
      "share": 1.4874721725678672,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1495271331.1485214,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "MEX",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Mexico",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1436116129.6796281,
      "cagr3": 5.831638369651593,
      "cagr5": 10.63738071109559,
      "cagr10": 8.877990522681124,
      "share": 1.4286255176400036,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1566040891.4073274,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.296383730500294,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 1315331819.0597172,
      "cagr3": 29.0525228883578,
      "cagr5": 21.89120190133902,
      "cagr10": 19.903625137842297,
      "share": 1.308471203712302,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1315331819.0597172,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 1303932139.6578875,
      "cagr3": 7.940382373859944,
      "cagr5": 6.21194207842346,
      "cagr10": 2.460380829537856,
      "share": 1.297130983691236,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1303932139.6578875,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 1220158010.672804,
      "cagr3": 12.081250450221702,
      "cagr5": 10.850070134868073,
      "cagr10": 18.886046786168254,
      "share": 1.2137938106641117,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1220158010.672804,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1213368873.485087,
      "cagr3": 4.293636778642784,
      "cagr5": 4.246870055081797,
      "cagr10": 0.8055432458490941,
      "share": 1.2070400848137552,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1647343269.6904817,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.343895907434877,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 1159046542,
      "cagr3": 59.16781879666673,
      "cagr5": 43.0996704336001,
      "cagr10": 23.008353931556158,
      "share": 1.1530010921909184,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1159046542,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 876260029.549702,
      "cagr3": -20.347007542269445,
      "cagr5": -15.740251926539816,
      "cagr10": -4.397110656748426,
      "share": 0.8716895607752505,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2353501088.279475,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.76780861018037,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 850676142.7012527,
      "cagr3": 9.8450951667844,
      "cagr5": 7.4794682197718565,
      "cagr10": 3.1454613179383806,
      "share": 0.8462391164575873,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 850676142.7012527,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 838869248.2962668,
      "cagr3": -4.154645854749905,
      "cagr5": 0.08463381815182469,
      "cagr10": 1.7219141550171901,
      "share": 0.8344938054187045,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 987315552.7097855,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.035345488693363,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ITA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Italy",
      "value": 806973753.8157654,
      "cagr3": 4.53982895139482,
      "cagr5": 4.787958744292342,
      "cagr10": 5.716482119677213,
      "share": 0.8027646740686128,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 820120983.9661778,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 1.6030842287233367,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 786700381.4481269,
      "cagr3": 6.832555954502895,
      "cagr5": 5.074067321629672,
      "cagr10": 6.583831191990108,
      "share": 0.782597045215724,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 786700381.4481269,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 778800498.6650434,
      "cagr3": 21.14937375371342,
      "cagr5": 21.267143689546476,
      "cagr10": 19.34986961928886,
      "share": 0.7747383672877796,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 778800498.6650434,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 772095824.172922,
      "cagr3": 31.127365126592778,
      "cagr5": 20.286430222211838,
      "cagr10": 24.452245220164983,
      "share": 0.7680686635855788,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 772095824.172922,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 745345541.097234,
      "cagr3": 12.156445785464065,
      "cagr5": 15.798238736342096,
      "cagr10": 12.80500187538889,
      "share": 0.7414579068255759,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160485,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 745345541.097234,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 687491555.395575,
      "cagr3": 5.41204336322707,
      "cagr5": 0.4032478941970563,
      "cagr10": 6.883453679282581,
      "share": 0.6839056806772573,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.15333395833888885,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02821337999698067,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1308451959812802,
      "distanceKm": 3599,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1843952729.1998763,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.71642192834901,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 657817035.5982084,
      "cagr3": -0.5388427865498424,
      "cagr5": 4.272740081885851,
      "cagr10": 5.878511418031418,
      "share": 0.6543859396687857,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 668566471.0119512,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 1.607833458574776,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHE",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 643610296.0122919,
      "cagr3": -6.635532919749954,
      "cagr5": 0.001263268562889941,
      "cagr10": 0.18741063420313342,
      "share": 0.640253300757868,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "distanceKm": 674,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 790820857.6095991,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.61490629398396,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "AUT",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Austria",
      "value": 634246264.0381895,
      "cagr3": 2.2195664795029435,
      "cagr5": 1.695157972856598,
      "cagr10": 2.9263534096748645,
      "share": 0.63093811046808,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 634246264.0381895,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 2296599198.5265393,
      "cagr3": 67.09532771121431,
      "cagr5": 42.443962202654426,
      "cagr10": 20.934583999321667,
      "share": 2.284620408475269,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2296599198.5265393,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 1159046542,
      "cagr3": 59.16781879666673,
      "cagr5": 43.0996704336001,
      "cagr10": 23.008353931556158,
      "share": 1.1530010921909184,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1159046542,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 772095824.172922,
      "cagr3": 31.127365126592778,
      "cagr5": 20.286430222211838,
      "cagr10": 24.452245220164983,
      "share": 0.7680686635855788,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 772095824.172922,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 1315331819.0597172,
      "cagr3": 29.0525228883578,
      "cagr5": 21.89120190133902,
      "cagr10": 19.903625137842297,
      "share": 1.308471203712302,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1315331819.0597172,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 778800498.6650434,
      "cagr3": 21.14937375371342,
      "cagr5": 21.267143689546476,
      "cagr10": 19.34986961928886,
      "share": 0.7747383672877796,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 778800498.6650434,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 2296599198.5265393,
          "cagr3": 67.09532771121431,
          "cagr5": 42.443962202654426,
          "cagr10": 20.934583999321667,
          "share": 2.284620408475269,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2296599198.5265393,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 1923162158.3334599,
          "cagr3": 18.873754323261306,
          "cagr5": 10.941951801371253,
          "cagr10": 4.83581494028531,
          "share": 1.913131171758177,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1923162158.3334599,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1581389223.07095,
          "cagr3": 6.909492613580603,
          "cagr5": 8.458160557193285,
          "cagr10": 5.303620756192107,
          "share": 1.5731408837417966,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1716672155.2554867,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.880533960452278,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "MEX",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Mexico",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1436116129.6796281,
          "cagr3": 5.831638369651593,
          "cagr5": 10.63738071109559,
          "cagr10": 8.877990522681124,
          "share": 1.4286255176400036,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03143133432052091,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00839116261590505,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03835359202106465,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1566040891.4073274,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.296383730500294,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 1303932139.6578875,
          "cagr3": 7.940382373859944,
          "cagr5": 6.21194207842346,
          "cagr10": 2.460380829537856,
          "share": 1.297130983691236,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1303932139.6578875,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 1220158010.672804,
          "cagr3": 12.081250450221702,
          "cagr5": 10.850070134868073,
          "cagr10": 18.886046786168254,
          "share": 1.2137938106641117,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1220158010.672804,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 876260029.549702,
          "cagr3": -20.347007542269445,
          "cagr5": -15.740251926539816,
          "cagr10": -4.397110656748426,
          "share": 0.8716895607752505,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2353501088.279475,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.76780861018037,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 850676142.7012527,
          "cagr3": 9.8450951667844,
          "cagr5": 7.4794682197718565,
          "cagr10": 3.1454613179383806,
          "share": 0.8462391164575873,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 935,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 850676142.7012527,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 838869248.2962668,
          "cagr3": -4.154645854749905,
          "cagr5": 0.08463381815182469,
          "cagr10": 1.7219141550171901,
          "share": 0.8344938054187045,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 987315552.7097855,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.035345488693363,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ITA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Italy",
          "value": 806973753.8157654,
          "cagr3": 4.53982895139482,
          "cagr5": 4.787958744292342,
          "cagr10": 5.716482119677213,
          "share": 0.8027646740686128,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 820120983.9661778,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 1.6030842287233367,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IDN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Indonesia",
          "value": 778800498.6650434,
          "cagr3": 21.14937375371342,
          "cagr5": 21.267143689546476,
          "cagr10": 19.34986961928886,
          "share": 0.7747383672877796,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
          "distanceKm": 4425,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 778800498.6650434,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 687491555.395575,
          "cagr3": 5.41204336322707,
          "cagr5": 0.4032478941970563,
          "cagr10": 6.883453679282581,
          "share": 0.6839056806772573,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.15333395833888885,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02821337999698067,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1308451959812802,
          "distanceKm": 3599,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1843952729.1998763,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 62.71642192834901,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "CHE",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 643610296.0122919,
          "cagr3": -6.635532919749954,
          "cagr5": 0.001263268562889941,
          "cagr10": 0.18741063420313342,
          "share": 0.640253300757868,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04288606249130865,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0587826368271605,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.019574648181838888,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.039207988645321615,
          "distanceKm": 674,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 790820857.6095991,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 18.61490629398396,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "AUT",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Austria",
          "value": 634246264.0381895,
          "cagr3": 2.2195664795029435,
          "cagr5": 1.695157972856598,
          "cagr10": 2.9263534096748645,
          "share": 0.63093811046808,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 634246264.0381895,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        }
      ],
      "count": 14,
      "value": 15878284648.415352,
      "averageCagr": 9.340040517117345,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.07873760739839268,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.06649081444867756
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 3057663830.7104034,
          "cagr3": 10.670313206725446,
          "cagr5": 8.767922498390469,
          "cagr10": 7.942014011119691,
          "share": 3.041715417465749,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3057663830.7104034,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 2634436965.804991,
          "cagr3": -19.274791755018562,
          "cagr5": -5.708440928982094,
          "cagr10": -0.17112558756655627,
          "share": 2.6206960538788127,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 5007953521.653754,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 47.394939781009946,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 1894530237.3610797,
          "cagr3": -6.100173964379774,
          "cagr5": -5.2066533198290355,
          "cagr10": -1.5658495494673352,
          "share": 1.884648591502415,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2475211189.310624,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.459854838134884,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1495271331.1485214,
          "cagr3": 10.062788616735464,
          "cagr5": 7.642789134777339,
          "cagr10": 10.348774373067894,
          "share": 1.4874721725678672,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1495271331.1485214,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 1315331819.0597172,
          "cagr3": 29.0525228883578,
          "cagr5": 21.89120190133902,
          "cagr10": 19.903625137842297,
          "share": 1.308471203712302,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
          "distanceKm": 4252,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1315331819.0597172,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1213368873.485087,
          "cagr3": 4.293636778642784,
          "cagr5": 4.246870055081797,
          "cagr10": 0.8055432458490941,
          "share": 1.2070400848137552,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
          "distanceKm": 10872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1647343269.6904817,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2017,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 26.343895907434877,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "RUS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Russia",
          "value": 1159046542,
          "cagr3": 59.16781879666673,
          "cagr5": 43.0996704336001,
          "cagr10": 23.008353931556158,
          "share": 1.1530010921909184,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
          "distanceKm": 6831,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1159046542,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 786700381.4481269,
          "cagr3": 6.832555954502895,
          "cagr5": 5.074067321629672,
          "cagr10": 6.583831191990108,
          "share": 0.782597045215724,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 786700381.4481269,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 772095824.172922,
          "cagr3": 31.127365126592778,
          "cagr5": 20.286430222211838,
          "cagr10": 24.452245220164983,
          "share": 0.7680686635855788,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12928,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 772095824.172922,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 745345541.097234,
          "cagr3": 12.156445785464065,
          "cagr5": 15.798238736342096,
          "cagr10": 12.80500187538889,
          "share": 0.7414579068255759,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019524322693477366,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.058782636827160485,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0166649603067814,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04211767652037909,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 745345541.097234,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 657817035.5982084,
          "cagr3": -0.5388427865498424,
          "cagr5": 4.272740081885851,
          "cagr10": 5.878511418031418,
          "share": 0.6543859396687857,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 668566471.0119512,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 1.607833458574776,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        }
      ],
      "count": 11,
      "value": 15731608381.886292,
      "averageCagr": 12.49542169524907,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.14186357133658675,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.1177507438259521
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 850676142.7012527,
      "cagr3": 9.8450951667844,
      "cagr5": 7.4794682197718565,
      "cagr10": 3.1454613179383806,
      "share": 0.8462391164575873,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 850676142.7012527,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 1315331819.0597172,
      "cagr3": 29.0525228883578,
      "cagr5": 21.89120190133902,
      "cagr10": 19.903625137842297,
      "share": 1.308471203712302,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1315331819.0597172,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 8479 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8479",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Machinery and mechanical appliances in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8479",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8479",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8479",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}