{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:56.192Z",
  "title": "HS4 8475 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8475 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8475/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8475",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8475"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8475/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8475",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Machines",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8475",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 4145725043.86714,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 5065420538.707672,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 5592119220.386516,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 4763985959.87382,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -19.508051898607203,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -1.512769844884121,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 0.8253350864215747,
    "historical_peak_usd": 7949561610.858582,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 47.84963942911833,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.056197888448978,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -20.333386985028778,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1738.4335621073353,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 912.5385129952592,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.4762178892476381,
    "active_corridor_count": 2720,
    "active_exporter_count": 139,
    "active_importer_count": 177,
    "active_hs6_count": 4,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 4145725043.86714,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 1858703880.4457526,
    "topFiveSharePct": 16.71682328244596,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "SGP",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Singapore",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 192587512.5478211,
      "cagr3": -40.24550105411796,
      "cagr5": 4.603805420488949,
      "cagr10": 14.47973506389264,
      "share": 4.645448275271414,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019391134633545457,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01660503874739143,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04259909252129545,
      "distanceKm": 10565,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 902643577.8632324,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 78.66405774428479,
      "yearsWithData": 16,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -19.508051898607203,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -1.512769844884121,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 0.8253350864215747,
    "latestYoyPct": 2.056197888448978,
    "trendLabel": "Rapid decline",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 7949561610.858582,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 47.84963942911833,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1738.4335621073353,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 912.5385129952592,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4762178892476381,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Singapore to Belgium leads the reported HS4 8475 routes with $192.6M in 2024 and -40.2% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $4.1B in latest reported trade, with -19.5% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "exporterIso3": "SGP",
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      "exporterName": "Singapore",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
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      "cagr3": -40.24550105411796,
      "cagr5": 4.603805420488949,
      "cagr10": 14.47973506389264,
      "share": 4.645448275271414,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
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      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01660503874739143,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04259909252129545,
      "distanceKm": 10565,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 902643577.8632324,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 78.66405774428479,
      "yearsWithData": 16,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
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      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 135735463.6686439,
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      "cagr10": 2.405094279739828,
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      "hasFta": false,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
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      "rank": 3,
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      "rank": 4,
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      "exporterName": "Japan",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
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    },
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      "rank": 7,
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      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
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      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "SGP",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 125501401.15112276,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "SGP",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "Singapore",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "TWN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "Taiwan",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 2109,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 80331288.94094512,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 27.50459627920983,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CZE",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Czechia",
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      "cagr3": -26.32501868119801,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 141361739.54886833,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 60.00919897829915,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "SGP",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Singapore",
      "importerName": "India",
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      "cagr3": -27.425826276476162,
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      "share": 1.3191619099808012,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "distanceKm": 4145,
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    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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