{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machines (HS4 8474) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machines at HS4 8474, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8474",
  "publisher": {
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    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8474/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8474/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8474/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8474/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8474",
    "name": "Machines"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machines subsector recorded $20.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with -1.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 20071742700.932484,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -1.7358459341866435,
    "activeExporters": 192,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 7
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.7182585811949886,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.220310183852204,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 21984096997.89154,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 58.62068965517241,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1455.0935518465928,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 305.51121194628735,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.43426687979239276
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8474,
      "global_trade_usd": 5417073489.478153,
      "corridor_count": 3783,
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    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8474,
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      "corridor_count": 3888,
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    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8474,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7
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      "year": 1998,
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      "global_trade_usd": 5418989418.039297,
      "corridor_count": 3942,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
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      "year": 1999,
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      "global_trade_usd": 5155102369.457786,
      "corridor_count": 4170,
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    },
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      "year": 2000,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
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      "corridor_count": 4843,
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8474,
      "global_trade_usd": 5589822093.376157,
      "corridor_count": 4999,
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    },
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      "year": 2003,
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      "year": 2004,
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      "corridor_count": 5397,
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    },
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      "year": 2005,
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      "year": 2007,
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      "corridor_count": 6346,
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      "year": 2008,
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    },
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      "year": 2009,
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      "corridor_count": 6413,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
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      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8474,
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      "corridor_count": 6562,
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      "year": 2011,
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      "corridor_count": 6734,
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      "year": 2012,
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      "corridor_count": 6964,
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    },
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      "year": 2013,
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      "corridor_count": 7015,
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      "year": 2014,
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2016,
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      "year": 2017,
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      "year": 2018,
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      "year": 2019,
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      "year": 2020,
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      "trend_label": "Stable",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
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      "exporter_name": "China",
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      "export_partner_count": 170,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 204822735.4117648,
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      "export_partner_count": 84,
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      "country_name": "Indonesia"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -387022916.39307094,
      "export_partner_count": 76,
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      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 452826979.87123865,
      "trade_balance_usd": -94224560.33031106,
      "export_partner_count": 158,
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      "country_name": "France"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "847410",
      "product_name": "Machines: for sorting, screening, separating or washing earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847420",
      "product_name": "Machines: for crushing or grinding earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847431",
      "product_name": "Machines: concrete or mortar mixers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847432",
      "product_name": "Machines: for mixing mineral substances with bitumen"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847439",
      "product_name": "Machines: for mixing or kneading mineral substances, excluding concrete mixers and machines for mixing mineral substances with bitumen"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847480",
      "product_name": "Machines: for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid mineral fuels, ceramic paste, unhardened cements, plastering materials in powder or paste form, machines for forming foundry moulds of sand"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847490",
      "product_name": "Machines, for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing etc mineral substances, for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid fuels, ceramic pastes etc, for forming foundry moulds of sand: parts"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}