{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Office machines (HS4 8472) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for office machines at HS4 8472, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8472",
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8472/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8472/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8472/index.json",
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  },
  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8472",
    "name": "Office machines"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The office machines subsector recorded $4.4B in reported global trade in 2024, with +3.2% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 4413125295.339111,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 3.1612975770916854,
    "activeExporters": 172,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 3
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -1.6965157273841847,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -1.960541696831597,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 6564411859.533013,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 44.827586206896555,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2051.8850238502973,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1048.546501091223,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.16163913921303705
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 3851197768.783159,
      "corridor_count": 3997,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4119623398.4611955,
      "corridor_count": 4151,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4113000466.10455,
      "corridor_count": 4055,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4057840845.2787046,
      "corridor_count": 4088,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 3905981252.5050178,
      "corridor_count": 4336,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 3830188668.054238,
      "corridor_count": 4698,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 3566632524.745674,
      "corridor_count": 4878,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 3667170574.3715262,
      "corridor_count": 4873,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4827716812.722983,
      "corridor_count": 4968,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5553080346.376665,
      "corridor_count": 5001,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5869091900.623687,
      "corridor_count": 5075,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 6564411859.533013,
      "corridor_count": 5279,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5802673621.598265,
      "corridor_count": 5319,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 6188530008.467429,
      "corridor_count": 5439,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4993581196.85559,
      "corridor_count": 5295,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5152785182.174474,
      "corridor_count": 5255,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5410015859.963751,
      "corridor_count": 5262,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5822459597.931889,
      "corridor_count": 5504,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5477344042.567127,
      "corridor_count": 5313,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5702725988.871107,
      "corridor_count": 5690,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 5027928392.2555065,
      "corridor_count": 5514,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4894043185.120679,
      "corridor_count": 5492,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4660795583.3705845,
      "corridor_count": 5376,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4610770806.233409,
      "corridor_count": 5467,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4872386632.113014,
      "corridor_count": 5357,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 8472,
      "global_trade_usd": 4195547023.8784976,
      "corridor_count": 4837,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
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      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 8472,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "year": 2023,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "export_partner_count": 95,
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      "country_name": "Philippines"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 27237059.81627196,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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      "export_partner_count": 104,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -11901893.5816997,
      "export_partner_count": 132,
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      "export_partner_count": 110,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -98765981.09034482,
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      "import_partner_count": 25,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "847210",
      "product_name": "Office machines: duplicating machines"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847220",
      "product_name": "Addressing machines and address plate embossing machines"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847230",
      "product_name": "Office machines: for sorting or folding mail or for inserting mail in envelopes or bands, machines for opening, closing or sealing mail and machines for affixing or cancelling postage stamps"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847290",
      "product_name": "Office machines: not elsewhere classified"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}