{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Calculating machines (HS4 8470) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for calculating machines at HS4 8470, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8470",
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    "sameAs": [
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  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8470/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8470/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8470/index.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8470",
    "name": "Calculating machines"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The calculating machines subsector recorded $6.2B in reported global trade in 2024, with +12.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 6211180784.173006,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 12.13596622999031,
    "activeExporters": 168,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 6
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.5089396413211293,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.8705367598190543,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 7042863192.651865,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2603.8869813599204,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1148.0514154570176,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.2200076406115648
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      "hs4": 8470,
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      "hs4": 8470,
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      "year": 1997,
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      "year": 1998,
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      "year": 2001,
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      "year": 2002,
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      "corridor_count": 4443,
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      "year": 2010,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -90369507.30866946,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 187323819.65831786,
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      "export_partner_count": 99,
      "import_partner_count": 35,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -139961235.46105602,
      "export_partner_count": 94,
      "import_partner_count": 59,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 176125821.84795564,
      "trade_balance_usd": -167302220.9796721,
      "export_partner_count": 18,
      "import_partner_count": 16,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Russia"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "847010",
      "product_name": "Calculating machines: electronic calculators capable of operation without an external source of electric power and pocket-size data recording, reproducing and displaying machines with calculating functions"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847021",
      "product_name": "Calculating machines: electronic, incorporating a printing device, needing an external source of power"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847029",
      "product_name": "Calculating machines: electronic, (not incorporating a printing device), needing an external power source"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847030",
      "product_name": "Calculating machines: non-electronic"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847040",
      "product_name": "Accounting machines"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847050",
      "product_name": "Cash registers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "847090",
      "product_name": "Postage-franking machines, ticket-issuing machines which print tickets"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}