{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Machine-tools (HS4 8465) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for machine-tools at HS4 8465, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8465",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8465/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8465/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8465/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8465/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "8465",
    "name": "Machine-tools"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The machine-tools subsector recorded $8.4B in reported global trade in 2024, with -4.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 8437442562.585662,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -4.0563408286075315,
    "activeExporters": 173,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 9
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -3.7905774863836728,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 0.8999106460906958,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 9474537212.200151,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2010.0043662488542,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 608.8467860258405,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.25356298986906683
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4306036970.785177,
      "corridor_count": 3322,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4397103952.873752,
      "corridor_count": 3473,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4313479077.082666,
      "corridor_count": 3401,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4313354936.732679,
      "corridor_count": 3422,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4480523718.135244,
      "corridor_count": 3647,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4954121756.333797,
      "corridor_count": 3999,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4324681864.013386,
      "corridor_count": 4062,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 4381412320.571276,
      "corridor_count": 4219,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 5030461178.54216,
      "corridor_count": 4279,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 6162263469.837721,
      "corridor_count": 4396,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 6369661281.67748,
      "corridor_count": 4574,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 7128943106.788872,
      "corridor_count": 4773,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 8565988898.9246855,
      "corridor_count": 4879,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 8977205447.700485,
      "corridor_count": 4980,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 5300493644.87359,
      "corridor_count": 4889,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 6327294122.6203165,
      "corridor_count": 4956,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 7072255116.758815,
      "corridor_count": 5051,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 6533523789.56585,
      "corridor_count": 5078,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 6453701433.038,
      "corridor_count": 5126,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 7195519955.331363,
      "corridor_count": 5234,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 6541767952.457212,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 7387904889.925896,
      "corridor_count": 5302,
      "active_hs6_count": 9
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 8244453394.332943,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 8465,
      "global_trade_usd": 8067833394.903936,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8415,
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      "exporter_name": "China",
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      "importer_name": "Austria"
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      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "export_partner_count": 67,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 102,
      "import_partner_count": 56,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 38467327.609684184,
      "export_partner_count": 145,
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      "active_hs6_count": 9,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 105388734.59465776,
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    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": -280117055.9481798,
      "export_partner_count": 71,
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      "active_hs6_count": 9,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "RUS",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -263973546.42684272,
      "export_partner_count": 24,
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      "active_hs6_count": 9,
      "country_name": "Russia"
    },
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "export_partner_count": 192,
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      "country_name": "China"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 224650182.7892065,
      "trade_balance_usd": 174971220.6773284,
      "export_partner_count": 114,
      "import_partner_count": 54,
      "active_hs6_count": 9,
      "country_name": "Austria"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "846510",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: which can carry out different types of machining operations without tool change between such operations, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846520",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials: machining centres"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846591",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: sawing machines, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846592",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: planing, milling or moulding (by cutting) machines, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846593",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: grinding, sanding or polishing machines, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846594",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: bending or assembling machines, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846595",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: drilling or morticing machines, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846596",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: splitting, slicing or paring machines, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "846599",
      "product_name": "Machine-tools: n.e.s. in heading no. 8465, for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}