{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:55.734Z",
  "title": "HS4 8464 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 8464 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 8464",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "8464",
  "parentHs2": "84",
  "subsectorName": "Machine-tools",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "8464",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 2524372028.0612445,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 2627778336.1268315,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 2641032253.2613297,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 2610935784.2363367,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -4.320293167248989,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -1.854469330770947,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -2.013756973206582,
    "historical_peak_usd": 4204908566.4548817,
    "historical_peak_year": 2006,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 39.96606613043388,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -4.038429240151916,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.3065361940424074,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1760.6445902133066,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 463.85636211603975,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.2540966003135565,
    "active_corridor_count": 3909,
    "active_exporter_count": 160,
    "active_importer_count": 198,
    "active_hs6_count": 3,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2524372028.0612445,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 943936215.0090438,
    "topFiveSharePct": 14.44462657154499,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 118327065.69239293,
      "cagr3": 0.16815314987006502,
      "cagr5": 0.3566225327289452,
      "cagr10": 3.3588015139539573,
      "share": 4.687386184645291,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 141343468.93384147,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.28402317776834,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -4.320293167248989,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -1.854469330770947,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -2.013756973206582,
    "latestYoyPct": -4.038429240151916,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 4204908566.4548817,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.96606613043388,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1760.6445902133066,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 463.85636211603975,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.2540966003135565,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Italy to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 8464 routes with $118.3M in 2024 and +0.2% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $2.5B in latest reported trade, with -4.3% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 118327065.69239293,
      "cagr3": 0.16815314987006502,
      "cagr5": 0.3566225327289452,
      "cagr10": 3.3588015139539573,
      "share": 4.687386184645291,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 141343468.93384147,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.28402317776834,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 72236566.67526306,
      "cagr3": -10.69764149067276,
      "cagr5": 1.6347750393159721,
      "cagr10": 1.8915421205351945,
      "share": 2.8615658021984114,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 101430440.01189043,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.782161778264044,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 69727716.73399475,
      "cagr3": -20.374824829689487,
      "cagr5": 7.514768805719774,
      "cagr10": 2.9579099943721543,
      "share": 2.7621806912330067,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 138119259.7147906,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 49.51629709138391,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 52951759.126782894,
      "cagr3": -29.39180018166744,
      "cagr5": -19.023717435966113,
      "cagr10": -12.672855335009503,
      "share": 2.097621053401175,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 227109780.1256084,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 76.68450953653485,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 51393004.50155011,
      "cagr3": 9.830682426436411,
      "cagr5": -4.231955847010949,
      "cagr10": -1.3757446150615693,
      "share": 2.035872840067108,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 105229182.17565072,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 51.160881954053536,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 49308770.57689136,
      "cagr3": -15.65348957957874,
      "cagr5": 0.766028851465439,
      "cagr10": 5.37572513148914,
      "share": 1.9533083883345528,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8415,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 82171802.80663426,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.99307683083917,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 46395102,
      "cagr3": 22.121392911398452,
      "cagr5": 17.246823557522937,
      "cagr10": 2.1366119067158795,
      "share": 1.8378868678731213,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 46395102,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 43366820.360331625,
      "cagr3": 34.003678160531756,
      "cagr5": 46.71509154873601,
      "cagr10": 9.508721232869078,
      "share": 1.717925087041865,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09186697906323232,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.029662528486666655,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06806308525272728,
      "distanceKm": 8004,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 43366820.360331625,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 42972152.39040979,
      "cagr3": 19.261066379831316,
      "cagr5": 25.167989062478124,
      "cagr10": -3.0112452837965153,
      "share": 1.702290784112873,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027067081967127277,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065853177226668,
      "distanceKm": 1377,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 70115007.44430852,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.711904973351054,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 32084018.436327733,
      "cagr3": 2.567683815161348,
      "cagr5": 7.719568649326769,
      "cagr10": 4.741429971960431,
      "share": 1.2709702880430322,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07329710050202021,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545455,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003678925284848484,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07145157520060608,
      "distanceKm": 7099,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 41984476.51195674,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.58123501387342,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 30887864.96657636,
      "cagr3": -1.2591877574895216,
      "cagr5": 1.4663308687691945,
      "cagr10": 4.029247169558747,
      "share": 1.2235860888657804,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1106,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 36493023.14052563,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.359533663092778,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 30364895.136643693,
      "cagr3": -15.621549069833218,
      "cagr5": -6.496337827718124,
      "cagr10": 7.585277375861166,
      "share": 1.202869260121076,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1366,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 63433981.59188858,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2000,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.13150053862218,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 29607447.644882433,
      "cagr3": 1.0761199923587483,
      "cagr5": 0.25224648769477387,
      "cagr10": 3.932256288570435,
      "share": 1.1728638772638198,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1435,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 34129869.468941435,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.25062736666619,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 28239215.055997416,
      "cagr3": 0.8908227550717296,
      "cagr5": 4.257588156476344,
      "cagr10": 5.725185564192481,
      "share": 1.1186629681396667,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 65225801.27514764,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.70545320421056,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 26780186.408180088,
      "cagr3": -11.208799203638609,
      "cagr5": -5.611416474951025,
      "cagr10": -3.9970178913263266,
      "share": 1.0608652809684185,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 46421823.24867359,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 42.31121370497812,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
      "value": 24373072.78764039,
      "cagr3": 14.257408509128865,
      "cagr5": 20.66208938630407,
      "cagr10": 6.641288363572317,
      "share": 0.9655103335287419,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7253,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 47248891.693087354,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.41556719264541,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 24330486.198931236,
      "cagr3": 5.4015991769737814,
      "cagr5": 7.0311430738844605,
      "cagr10": 2.196233827093419,
      "share": 0.9638233163919747,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 26924785.366940983,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.635356912427243,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 23230949.219480027,
      "cagr3": -37.978896516792794,
      "cagr5": -27.814873938020956,
      "cagr10": -4.022844999020759,
      "share": 0.920266464738232,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 123429868.97153288,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 81.17882696218541,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 22958749.85798751,
      "cagr3": -3.28754846962509,
      "cagr5": -1.5945000319169789,
      "cagr10": -10.006460181348942,
      "share": 0.9094836102909987,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 9457,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 108569602.08687176,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 78.85342727919634,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 22241691.71035295,
      "cagr3": 24.49152851004499,
      "cagr5": 3.442126571227133,
      "cagr10": 6.614779762626988,
      "share": 0.8810782033357778,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 22241691.71035295,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 22088467.241526596,
      "cagr3": 35.68109139081306,
      "cagr5": -8.602883676302698,
      "cagr10": 7.674617436672193,
      "share": 0.8750083979694099,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 34634036.71150921,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.22323777757505,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 20984729.61689483,
      "cagr3": 13.007276394514689,
      "cagr5": 5.2731515171813514,
      "cagr10": 4.828251317235455,
      "share": 0.8312851427454382,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 272857787.2307552,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 92.309279559191,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "AUT",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Austria",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 20653804.09211859,
      "cagr3": 13.367065897956243,
      "cagr5": 10.878273333147348,
      "cagr10": 12.65932000616019,
      "share": 0.8181759210816887,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 23694657.69612466,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1996,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.833498770076817,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 19944552.808928497,
      "cagr3": -6.04095417699968,
      "cagr5": 12.2519002679089,
      "cagr10": 1.582914336497998,
      "share": 0.7900797737901656,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 24044099.130862407,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.050114040961653,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "POL",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Poland",
      "value": 18487125.768959157,
      "cagr3": -19.91255322914267,
      "cagr5": -11.317297377483538,
      "cagr10": -1.2375389424246208,
      "share": 0.7323455324117796,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08183472355387879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09415188815959596,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.048074541990101,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.046077346169494965,
      "distanceKm": 1317,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 38979353.76989165,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.572005482453775,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IDN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Indonesia",
      "value": 22088467.241526596,
      "cagr3": 35.68109139081306,
      "cagr5": -8.602883676302698,
      "cagr10": 7.674617436672193,
      "share": 0.8750083979694099,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
      "distanceKm": 4425,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 34634036.71150921,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.22323777757505,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 43366820.360331625,
      "cagr3": 34.003678160531756,
      "cagr5": 46.71509154873601,
      "cagr10": 9.508721232869078,
      "share": 1.717925087041865,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09186697906323232,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.029662528486666655,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06806308525272728,
      "distanceKm": 8004,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 43366820.360331625,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 22241691.71035295,
      "cagr3": 24.49152851004499,
      "cagr5": 3.442126571227133,
      "cagr10": 6.614779762626988,
      "share": 0.8810782033357778,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 22241691.71035295,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "RUS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Russia",
      "value": 46395102,
      "cagr3": 22.121392911398452,
      "cagr5": 17.246823557522937,
      "cagr10": 2.1366119067158795,
      "share": 1.8378868678731213,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
      "distanceKm": 6831,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 46395102,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 42972152.39040979,
      "cagr3": 19.261066379831316,
      "cagr5": 25.167989062478124,
      "cagr10": -3.0112452837965153,
      "share": 1.702290784112873,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027067081967127277,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065853177226668,
      "distanceKm": 1377,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 70115007.44430852,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.711904973351054,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 51393004.50155011,
          "cagr3": 9.830682426436411,
          "cagr5": -4.231955847010949,
          "cagr10": -1.3757446150615693,
          "share": 2.035872840067108,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 105229182.17565072,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 51.160881954053536,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 42972152.39040979,
          "cagr3": 19.261066379831316,
          "cagr5": 25.167989062478124,
          "cagr10": -3.0112452837965153,
          "share": 1.702290784112873,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.07943356052620201,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939395,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.027067081967127277,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07065853177226668,
          "distanceKm": 1377,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 70115007.44430852,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 38.711904973351054,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 32084018.436327733,
          "cagr3": 2.567683815161348,
          "cagr5": 7.719568649326769,
          "cagr10": 4.741429971960431,
          "share": 1.2709702880430322,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.07329710050202021,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545455,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.003678925284848484,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.07145157520060608,
          "distanceKm": 7099,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 41984476.51195674,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.58123501387342,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 30887864.96657636,
          "cagr3": -1.2591877574895216,
          "cagr5": 1.4663308687691945,
          "cagr10": 4.029247169558747,
          "share": 1.2235860888657804,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1106,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 36493023.14052563,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.359533663092778,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 30364895.136643693,
          "cagr3": -15.621549069833218,
          "cagr5": -6.496337827718124,
          "cagr10": 7.585277375861166,
          "share": 1.202869260121076,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1366,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 63433981.59188858,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2000,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.13150053862218,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 29607447.644882433,
          "cagr3": 1.0761199923587483,
          "cagr5": 0.25224648769477387,
          "cagr10": 3.932256288570435,
          "share": 1.1728638772638198,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1435,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 34129869.468941435,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2007,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.25062736666619,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 26780186.408180088,
          "cagr3": -11.208799203638609,
          "cagr5": -5.611416474951025,
          "cagr10": -3.9970178913263266,
          "share": 1.0608652809684185,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 46421823.24867359,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 42.31121370497812,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 24330486.198931236,
          "cagr3": 5.4015991769737814,
          "cagr5": 7.0311430738844605,
          "cagr10": 2.196233827093419,
          "share": 0.9638233163919747,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 26924785.366940983,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.635356912427243,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 23230949.219480027,
          "cagr3": -37.978896516792794,
          "cagr5": -27.814873938020956,
          "cagr10": -4.022844999020759,
          "share": 0.920266464738232,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29886233885252517,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.11092976862020201,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.19096898705858587,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 123429868.97153288,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 81.17882696218541,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "value": 22241691.71035295,
          "cagr3": 24.49152851004499,
          "cagr5": 3.442126571227133,
          "cagr10": 6.614779762626988,
          "share": 0.8810782033357778,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
          "distanceKm": 3737,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 22241691.71035295,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IDN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Indonesia",
          "value": 22088467.241526596,
          "cagr3": 35.68109139081306,
          "cagr5": -8.602883676302698,
          "cagr10": 7.674617436672193,
          "share": 0.8750083979694099,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.16605990710525254,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.17946165427272728,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.059352995124909096,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.12010865914781818,
          "distanceKm": 4425,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 34634036.71150921,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 36.22323777757505,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "AUT",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Austria",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 20653804.09211859,
          "cagr3": 13.367065897956243,
          "cagr5": 10.878273333147348,
          "cagr10": 12.65932000616019,
          "share": 0.8181759210816887,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.036700996253086426,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036700996253086426,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 23694657.69612466,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1996,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.833498770076817,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "POL",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Poland",
          "value": 18487125.768959157,
          "cagr3": -19.91255322914267,
          "cagr5": -11.317297377483538,
          "cagr10": -1.2375389424246208,
          "share": 0.7323455324117796,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08183472355387879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09415188815959596,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.048074541990101,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.046077346169494965,
          "distanceKm": 1317,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 38979353.76989165,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.572005482453775,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        }
      ],
      "count": 13,
      "value": 375122093.7159388,
      "averageCagr": 1.9766039855906994,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.08164251930218622,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.058563744547728946
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 118327065.69239293,
          "cagr3": 0.16815314987006502,
          "cagr5": 0.3566225327289452,
          "cagr10": 3.3588015139539573,
          "share": 4.687386184645291,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 141343468.93384147,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.28402317776834,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 72236566.67526306,
          "cagr3": -10.69764149067276,
          "cagr5": 1.6347750393159721,
          "cagr10": 1.8915421205351945,
          "share": 2.8615658021984114,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 101430440.01189043,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.782161778264044,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 69727716.73399475,
          "cagr3": -20.374824829689487,
          "cagr5": 7.514768805719774,
          "cagr10": 2.9579099943721543,
          "share": 2.7621806912330067,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
          "distanceKm": 4252,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 138119259.7147906,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 49.51629709138391,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 52951759.126782894,
          "cagr3": -29.39180018166744,
          "cagr5": -19.023717435966113,
          "cagr10": -12.672855335009503,
          "share": 2.097621053401175,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 227109780.1256084,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 76.68450953653485,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 49308770.57689136,
          "cagr3": -15.65348957957874,
          "cagr5": 0.766028851465439,
          "cagr10": 5.37572513148914,
          "share": 1.9533083883345528,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.29912295578395065,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8415,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 82171802.80663426,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.99307683083917,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "RUS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Russia",
          "value": 46395102,
          "cagr3": 22.121392911398452,
          "cagr5": 17.246823557522937,
          "cagr10": 2.1366119067158795,
          "share": 1.8378868678731213,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0670139446670498,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.11425769714942528,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0692081698762452,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04504952727318008,
          "distanceKm": 6831,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 46395102,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 43366820.360331625,
          "cagr3": 34.003678160531756,
          "cagr5": 46.71509154873601,
          "cagr10": 9.508721232869078,
          "share": 1.717925087041865,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09186697906323232,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09772561373939394,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.029662528486666655,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06806308525272728,
          "distanceKm": 8004,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 43366820.360331625,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 28,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 28239215.055997416,
          "cagr3": 0.8908227550717296,
          "cagr5": 4.257588156476344,
          "cagr10": 5.725185564192481,
          "share": 1.1186629681396667,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 65225801.27514764,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.70545320421056,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "SAU",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
          "value": 24373072.78764039,
          "cagr3": 14.257408509128865,
          "cagr5": 20.66208938630407,
          "cagr10": 6.641288363572317,
          "share": 0.9655103335287419,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 7253,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 47248891.693087354,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.41556719264541,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "BRA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Brazil",
          "value": 22958749.85798751,
          "cagr3": -3.28754846962509,
          "cagr5": -1.5945000319169789,
          "cagr10": -10.006460181348942,
          "share": 0.9094836102909987,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 9457,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 108569602.08687176,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 78.85342727919634,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 20984729.61689483,
          "cagr3": 13.007276394514689,
          "cagr5": 5.2731515171813514,
          "cagr10": 4.828251317235455,
          "share": 0.8312851427454382,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04673181352585858,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.022290415014285702,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02445433962268399,
          "distanceKm": 10872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 272857787.2307552,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2006,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 92.309279559191,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "BRA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Brazil",
          "value": 19944552.808928497,
          "cagr3": -6.04095417699968,
          "cagr5": 12.2519002679089,
          "cagr10": 1.582914336497998,
          "share": 0.7900797737901656,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18570,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 24044099.130862407,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.050114040961653,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        }
      ],
      "count": 12,
      "value": 568814121.2931052,
      "averageCagr": -0.08312723730980265,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.17945503685580666,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.1476450932427034
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 30887864.96657636,
      "cagr3": -1.2591877574895216,
      "cagr5": 1.4663308687691945,
      "cagr10": 4.029247169558747,
      "share": 1.2235860888657804,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1106,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 36493023.14052563,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.359533663092778,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 69727716.73399475,
      "cagr3": -20.374824829689487,
      "cagr5": 7.514768805719774,
      "cagr10": 2.9579099943721543,
      "share": 2.7621806912330067,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 138119259.7147906,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 49.51629709138391,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 8464 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8464",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Machine-tools in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8464",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=8464",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/8464",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/84",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}